英语写作 逻辑与修辞 下PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Book Two:Image and DescriptionChapter 1 Orientation:Description1

Ⅰ．Why is Description1

Ⅱ．Application of Description1

Ⅲ．Features of Description3

A．Stylistic feature of description4

B．Linguistic feature of description5

Ⅳ．Other Components of Description7

A．Theme and overall impression8

B．Atmosphere and tone8

C．Physical point of view and sequence10

Ⅴ．Samples for Analysis11

Exercises13

Chapter 2 Concrete Words ＆ Meaningful Details:Two prerequisiter for building images14

Ⅰ．Two Prerequisites for Images14

Ⅱ．Prerequisite One:Concrete/Specific Words16

A．Choosing a noun with concrete meaning18

B．Choosing an adjective or adverb that is descriptive and informative19

C．Choosing a dynamic verb that speaks for itself21

Ⅲ．Prerequisite Two:Meaningful Details24

Ⅳ．Samples for Analysis25

Exercises28

Chapter 3 Sources of Images:Simile and Metaphor31

Ⅰ．Orientation31

Ⅱ．Tenor and Vehicle32

Ⅲ．Simile and its Extended Form32

A．Simile32

B．Epic simile or Homeric simile35

Ⅳ．Metaphor and Tropes35

A．Metaphor35

B．Four angles to view metaphor37

C．Tropes（辞格）39

Ⅴ．Samples For Analysis41

Exercises45

Chapter 4 Sources of Images:Symbol ＆ Descriptive Details50

Ⅰ．Symbol in General50

A．Literary symbol50

B．Two kinds of object as the foundation of symbol50

C．Metaphor and symbol51

D．Three other attributes of literary symbol52

Ⅱ．Three Groups of the Symbol and Logical Reasoning56

A．Three groups of the symbol56

B．Symbols and logical reasoning58

C．Symbolism in literature58

Ⅲ．Descriptive Details59

Ⅳ．Samples for Analysis59

Exercises64

Chapter 5 Color Scheme & Visual Images65

Ⅰ．Forms of Color Words65

A．Color words from paints65

B．Color words from life66

Ⅱ．Elements of Color-Scheme67

A．Viewpoint（视点）67

B．Quality of color（色质）67

C．Light and color71

Ⅲ．Functions of Color in Writing73

A．Colors for information73

B．Colors for emotion74

C．Colors for ideas76

Ⅳ．Samples80

Exercises83

Chapter 6 Sound Effect & Auditory Images86

Ⅰ．Meaning of Sounds86

Ⅱ．Interpretation of Sound89

A．Factors that affect quality of sound89

B．Overtones92

C．Factors that affect the receiver95

Ⅲ．Sound Effect and Onomatopoeia96

A．Musical quality of sound effect96

B．Sound-idea association100

V．Constituent Parts of Onomatopoeia104

A．Pure echoes104

B．Symbliconomatopoeia106

C．Sound in particular occasions108

Ⅴ．Sound Effect in Writing113

A．Onomatopoeia113

B．Simile and metaphor114

C．Repetition114

D．Contrast116

E．Suggestion116

F．Narration117

Ⅵ．Samples for Analysis118

Exercises121

Chapter 7 Shape & Images125

Ⅰ．What is the Shape125

Ⅱ．Identification of Shapes125

A．Identification of natural shape126

B．Identification of geometric shape128

C．Identification of Figurative shape132

Ⅲ．Words that Describe Shapes134

A．Concrete nous as shape words134

B．Verbs,adjectives,adverbs as shape words135

Ⅳ．Ways to Build Images141

A．Selection of specific nouns141

B．Seclection of shape-descriptive adjectives143

C．Selection of dynamic verbs145

D．Building an image by contrast145

Ⅴ．Samples for Analysis146

Chapter 8 People & Images149

Ⅰ．Characters as Types and Individuals150

A．Characters as types150

B．Characters as individuals153

Ⅱ．Trait Theory and Personality Judgement157

A．Premise of the trait concept157

B．Cattell's 16 personality factors157

C．Eysenck's Two-Dimensional Theory158

D．The Big Five158

E．Behaviorists and personality judgement159

F．Character judgement in literature160

Exercises on traits161

Ⅲ．Characterization in Literature164

A．Direct characterization164

B．Indirect characterization167

Ⅳ．Image and Character Analysis174

A．Significance of physical details174

B．Character analysis179

Ⅴ．Physical Details for Image186

A．Look in the eye187

B．Expression on the face189

C．Style of hair192

D．Shape of the build194

E．Tone in the voice198

F．Fashion of the dress199

Appendix Ⅰ Color202

Appeneix Ⅱ Sound203

Appendix Ⅲ Shape204

Appendix Ⅳ Character Traits204

Answers to the Exerses206

Reference207