嵌入式系统 体系结构、编程与设计 Embedded Systems Architecture，Programming and DesignPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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1．Introduction to Embedded Systems1

1.1 An Embedded System3

1.2 Processor in the System7

1.3 Other Hardware Units15

1.4 Software Embedded into a System28

1.5 Exemplary Embedded Systems37

1.6 Embedded System-On-Chip(SOC)and in VLSI Circuit39

Summary43

List of Kevwords and their Definitions44

Review Questions47

Practice Exercises48

2．Processor and Memory Organisation50

2.1 Structural Units in a Processor51

2.2 Processor Selection for an Embedded System61

2.3 Memory Devices65

2.4 Memory Selection for an Embedded System68

2.5 Allocation of Memory to Program Segments and Blocks and Memory Map of a System72

2.6 Direct Memory Access88

2.7 Interfacing Processor,Memories and I/O Devices89

Summary91

List of Keywords and their Definitions92

Review Questions94

Practice Exercises95

3．Devices and Buses for Device Networks97

3.1 I/O Devices98

3.2 Timer and Counting Devices109

3.3 Serial Communication Using the 'I2C','CAN'and Advanced I/O Buses between the Networked Multiple Devices114

3.4 Host System or Computer Parallel Communication between the Networked I/O Multiple Devices Using the ISA,PCI,PCI-X and Advanced Buses118

Summary121

List of Keywords and their Definitions122

Review Questions125

Practice Exercises126

4．Device Drivers and Interrupts Servicing Mechanism128

4.1 Device Drivers130

4.2 Parallel Port Device Drivers in a System139

4.3 Serial Port Device Drivers in a System146

4.4 Device Drivers for Internal Programmable Timing Devices149

4.5 Interrupt Servicing(Handling)Mechanism150

4.6 Context and the Periods for Context-Switching,Deadline and Interrupt Latency156

Summary163

List of Keywords and their Definitions164

Review Questions166

Practice Exercises166

5．Programming Concepts and Embedded Programming in C and C++167

5.1 Software Programming in Assembly Language(ALP)and in High Level Language'C'168

5.2 'C' Program Elements:Header and Source Files and Preprocessor Directives170

5.3 Program Elements:Macros and Functions172

5.4 Program Elements:Data Types,Data Structures,Modifiers,Statements,Loops and Pointers174

5.5 Queues185

5.6 Stacks196

5.7 Lists and Ordered Lists198

5.8 Embedded Programming in C++209

5.9 Embedded Programming in Java211

5.10 'C' Program Compiler and Cross-Compiler214

5.11 Source Code Engineering Tools for Embedded C/C++215

5.12 Optimisation of Memory Needs215

Summary217

List of Keywords and their Definitions219

Review Questions221

Practice Exercises221

6．Program Modeling Concepts in Single and Multiprocessor Systems Software-Development Process222

6.1 Modeling Processes for Software Analysis Before Software Implementation223

6.2 Programming Models for Event Controlled or Response Time Constrained Real Time Programs227

6.3 Modeling of Multiprocessor Systems238

Summary254

List of Keywords and their Definitions255

Review Questions256

Practice Exercises257

7．Software Engineering Practices in the Embedded Software Development Process258

7.1 Software Algorithm Complexity260

7.2 Software Development Process Life Cycle and its Models261

7.3 Software Analysis265

7.4 Software Design267

7.5 Software Implementation270

7.6 Software Testing,Validating and Debugging270

7.7 Real Time Programming Issues During277

the Software Development Process277

7.8 Software Project Management278

7.9 Software Maintenance282

7.10 Unified Modeling Language(UML)284

Summary290

List of Keywords and their Definitions292

Review Questions294

Practice Exercises295

8．Inter-Process Communication and Synchronisation of Processes,Tasks and Threads297

8.1 Multiple Processes in an Application298

8.2 Problem of Sharing Data by Multiple Tasks and Routines303

8.3 Inter Process Communication314

Summary323

List of Keywords and their Definitions324

Review Questions326

Practice Exercises326

9．Real Time Operating Systems327

9.1 Operating System Services329

9.2 I/O Subsystems338

9.3 Network Operating Systems339

9.4 Real-Time and Embedded System Operating Systems340

9.5 Interrupt Routines in RTOS Environment:Handling of Interrupt Source Call by the RTOSs347

9.6 RTOS Task Scheduling Models,Interrupt Latency and Response Times of the Tasks as Performance Metrics349

9.7 Performance Metric in Scheduling Models for Periodic,Sporadic and Aperiodic Tasks360

9.8 IEEE Standard POSIX 1003.1b Functions for Standardisation of RTOS and Inter_Task Communication Functions361

9.9 List of Basic Actions in a Preemptive Scheduler and Expected Times Taken at a Processor363

9.10 Fifteen-Point Strategy for Synchronisation between the Processes,ISRs,OS Functions and Tasks and for Resource Management364

9.11 Embedded Linux Internals:Linux Kernel for the Device Drivers and Embedded System366

9.12 OS Security Issues368

9.13 Mobile OS370

Summary370

List of Keywords and their Definitions371

Review Questions372

Practice Exercises373

10．Real Time Operating System Programming Tools:Micro C/OS-Ⅱ and VxWorks374

10.1 Need of a Well Tested and Debugged Real-Time Operating System(RTOS)375

10.2 Use of μC/OS-Ⅱ376

10.3 Use of VxWorks424

Summary446

List of Keywords and their Definitions447

Review Questions448

Practice Exercises448

11．Case Studies of Programming with RTOS450

11.1 Case Study of Coding for an Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine UsingMUCOS RTOS451

11.2 Case Study of Coding for Sending Application Layer Byte Streams on a TCP/IP Network Using RTOS VxWorks466

11.3 Case Study of an Embedded System for an Adaptive Cruise Control System in a Car488

11.4 Case Study of an Embedded System for a Smart Card502

Summary514

List of Keywords and their Definitions515

Review Questions517

Practice Exercises517

12．Hardware-Software Co-design in an Embedded System519

12.1 Embedded System Project Management521

12.2 Embedded System Design and Co-design Issues in System Development Process522

12.3 Design Cycle in the Development Phase for an Embedded System527

12.4 Uses of Target System or its Emulator and In-Circuit Emulator(ICE)528

12.5 Use of Software Tools for Development of an Embedded System532

12.6 Use of Scopes and Logic Analysers for System Hardware Tests540

12.7 Issues in Embedded System Design542

Summary548

List of Keywords and their Definitions550

Review Questions552

Practice Exercises553

Appendix A．CISC and RISC Processor Architectures and an Exemplary Instruction Set555

A.1 Instructions and Their Processing in CISC and RISC Processors555

A.2 An Exemplary Instruction Set—Arm7560

A.3 Exemplary Assembly Language Progam for Arm Processors562

List of Keywords and their Definitions562

Appendix B．Embedded System High-performance Processors563

B.1 Exemplary Arm Processors564

B.2 Exemplary High Performance Processors567

B.3 Accelerators567

List of Keywords and their Definitions568

Appendix C．Embedded System 8/16/32 Bit Microcontrollers and an Overview of their Architecture569

C.1 Overview of the Architecture of Exemplary Intel,Motorola and PIC Family CISC Based Microcontrollers569

C.2 Exemplary Motorola Family CISC and RISC Based New Generation Microcontrollers572

List of Keywords and their Definitions573

Appendix D．Embedded Digital Signal Processors575

D.1 Architecture of Digital Signal Processors575

D.2 DSP Processor Versus Conventional Processors578

D.3 Fixed Point Arithmetic Versus Floating Point Arithmetic578

D.4 DSP for Embedded Systems579

List of Keywords and their Definitions585

Appendix E．New Innovative Processors for Embedded Systems587

E.1 Media Processors for Embedded Systems587

List of Keywords and their Definitions590

Appendix F．Serial and Parallel Buses592

F.1 Emerging Serial Bus Standards(USB 2.0,IEEE1394)592

F.2 Emerging Parallel Bus Standards(Compact PCI,PCI-X)593

List of Keywords and their Definitions593

Appendix G．Devices in Embedded Systems594

G.1 Various Forms of ROM Devices594

G.2 ROM Device Programmer595

G.3 RAM Devices600

G.4 Parallel Ports in Microcontrollers602

G.5 Serial Communication Devices602

G.6 Timers in Microcontrollers605

G.7 Interrupt Sources and their Control in Various Families of Processors607

G.8 Interrupts in the 80x86 Processors608

G.9 Interrupts in68HC11609

List of Keywords and their Definitions610

Appendix H．Important Topics in Embedded Systems Architecture,Programming and Design611

H.1 Suggested Syllabus Units611

H.2 List of Topics that Covers the CDAC Embedded System Course Syllabus613

References615

Index620