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Chapter 1：Objects from the Real World to Playground1

Installing the required software1

Capturing objects from the real world4

Generating classes to create objects11

Recognizing variables and constants to create properties14

Recognizing actions to create methods17

organizing classes with UML diagrams20

Working with API objects in the Xcode Playground26

Exercises31

Test your knowledge31

Summary32

Chapter 2：Structures,Classes,and Instances33

Understanding structures,classes,and instances33

Understanding initialization and its customization34

Understanding deinitialization and its customization36

Understanding automatic reference counting36

Declaring classes37

Customizing initialization38

Customizing deinitialization41

Creating the instances of classes45

Exercises46

Test your knowledge46

Summary47

Chapter 3：Encapsulation of Data with Properties49

Understanding the elements that compose a class49

Declaring stored properties51

Generating computed properties with setters and getters54

Combining setters,getters,and a related property62

Understanding property observers65

Transforming values with setters and getters69

Using type properties to create values shared by all the instances of a class70

Creating mutable classes74

Building immutable classes78

Exercises81

Test your knowledge81

Summary82

Chapter 4：Inheritance,Abstraction,and Specialization83

Creating class hierarchies to abstract and specialize behavior83

Understanding inheritance88

Declaring classes that inherit from another class90

Overriding and overloading methods96

Overriding properties101

Controlling whether subclasses can or cannot override members103

Working with typecasting and polymorphism108

Taking advantage of operator overloading121

Declaring operator functions for specific subclasses126

Exercises128

Test your knowledge128

Summary129

Chapter 5：Contract Programming with Protocols131

Understanding how protocols work in combination with classes131

Declaring protocols133

Declaring classes that adopt protocols137

Taking advantage of the multiple inheritance of protocols142

Combining inheritance and protocols144

Working with methods that receive protocols as arguments152

Downcasting with protocols and classes155

Treating instances of a protocol type as a different subclass159

Specifying requirements for properties162

Specifying requirements for methods164

Combining class inheritance with protocol inheritance166

Exercises178

Test your knowledge179

Summary180

Chapter 6：Maximization of Code Reuse with Generic Code181

Understanding parametric polymorphism and generic code181

Declaring a protocol to be used as a constraint183

Declaring a class that conforms to multiple protocols184

Declaring subclasses that inherit the conformance to protocols188

Declaring a class that works with a constrained generic type190

Using a generic class for multiple types195

Combining initializer requirements in protocols with generic types201

Declaring associated types in protocols202

Creating shortcuts with subscripts204

Declaring a class that works with two constrained generic types206

Using a generic class with two generic type parameters209

Inheriting and adding associated types in protocols213

Generalizing existing classes with generics214

Extending base types to conform to custom protocols223

Test your knowledge225

Exercises226

Summary227

Chapter 7：Object-Oriented Programming and Functional Programming229

Refactoring code to take advantage of object-oriented programming229

Understanding functions as first-class citizens241

Working with function types within classes243

Creating a functional version of array filtering245

Writing equivalent closures with simplified code247

Creating a data repository with generics and protocols248

Filtering arrays with complex conditions253

Using map to transform values256

Combining map with reduce259

Chaining filter,map,and reduce262

Solving algorithms with reduce262

Exercises264

Test your knowledge265

Summary266

Chapter 8：Extending and Building Object-Oriented Code267

Putting together all the pieces of the object-oriented puzzle267

Adding methods with extensions269

Adding computed properties to a base type with extensions273

Declaring new convenience initializers with extensions278

Defining subscripts with extensions280

Working with object-oriented code in apps281

Adding an object-oriented data repository to a project290

Interacting with an object-oriented data repository through Picker View294

Exercises299

Test your knowledge299

Summary300

Appendix：Exercise Answers301

Chapter 1，Objects from the Real World to Playground301

Chapter 2，Structures，Classes，and Instances301

Chapter 3，Encapsulation of Data with Properties302

Chapter 4，Inheritance，Abstraction，and Specialization302

Chapter 5，Contract Programming with Protocols302

Chapter 6，Maximization of Code Reuse with Generic Code302

Chapter 7，Object-Oriented Programming and Functional Programming303

Chapter 8，Extending and Building Object-Oriented Code303

Index305