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ChapterⅠ Introduction1

1.A Land of 9,600,000 Square Kilometres1

2.Fifty-six Ethnic Groups and a Population of More Than 1,000,000,0008

3.1,700,000 Years and 3,600 Years16

ChapterⅡ Traces of Remote Antiquity28

1.From Yuanmou Man to Peking Man；the Making of Tools and the Use of Fire28

2.Dingcun(Tingsun)Man and Upper Cave Man；the Improve-ment of Tools and the Emergence of Ornaments31

3.The Yangshao Culture and Its Matriarchal Communes35

4.The Patriarchal Clan Society of the Longshan Culture40

Chapter Ⅲ Myth and Legend48

1.The Legends of Ancient Tribes48

2.Tribal Chiefs,Gods and Their Sons50

3.The Hereditary Monarchy of the Xia Dynasty52

ChapterⅣ The Slave State of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties56

1.The Earliest Written History56

2.The Slave-owning Shang Dynasty60

3.The Social Economy of the Shang Dynasty64

4.The Rise of the Zhou and the Establishment of the Slave-owning Zhou Dynasty69

5.Economic Development Under Zhou Slavery75

6.The Zhou Dynasty from Prosperity to Decline78

ChapterV The Early Eastern Zhou,Spring and Autrmn, and Warring States Periods:Transition from Slavery to Feudalism81

1.The Early Easten Zhou and the Spring and Autumn Period:Contention for Supremacy Among the Major States81

2.The Seven Powers of the Warring States Period86

3.The Transition from Slavery to Feudalism92

4.Confucius.Mo Zi,Other Thinkers and the Elegies of Chu98

ChapterⅥ The Qin and Han Dynasties:the Growth of Feudal Society112

1.The Qin,China s First Feudal Dynasty112

2.Peasant Uprisings in the Late Qin Dynasty116

3.Establishment and Consolidation of the Western Han Dynasty120

4.Golden Age of the Western Han Dynasty125

5.Decline of the Western Han Dynasty:Uprisings of the Green Woodsmen and Red Eyebrows131

6.The Establishtment of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Prolonged Turbulence,and the Yellow Turban Uprising137

7.The Development of Social Productive Forces147

8.The Growth of Feudal Relations152

Chapter Ⅶ The Three Kingdoms,the Jin,the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the Sui and the Tang:the Ear-lier Period of Ascendancy of Chinese Feudalism158

1.The Three Kingdoms158

2.The Western Jin,the Eastern Jin and the Sixteen States164

3.The Southern and Northern Dynasties173

4.The Establishment of the Sui Dynasty and the Peasnat Upris-ings in Its Closing Years184

5.The Golden Age of the Tang190

6.Turmoil in the Mid-Tang Period200

7.The Decline of the Tang Empire and the Late-Tang Peasant Uprisings208

8.The Development of Social Productive Forces216

9.The Development of Feudal Relations and the Feudalization of Regions Inhabited by Several Ethnic Group224

Chapter Ⅷ The Five Dynasties,the Song and the Yuan:the Later Period of Ascendancy of Chinese Feudalism231

1.The Five Dynasties and Ten States231

2.Rise and Fall of the Northern Song；Uprisings by Wang Xiao-bo and Fang La235

3.The Liao,the Xia and the Jin:Their Relations with the North-ern Song245

4.Rival Regimes of the Song and the Jin；Uprisings by Zhong Xiang,Yang Yao and the Red Jackets252

5.The Rise of the Mongols and the Fall of the Xia,the Jin and the Southern Song260

6.Founding of the Yuan Dynasty and Peasant Uprisings During the Late Yuan267

7.Further Growth of Social Productivity；Southward Shift of Econnomic Development276

8.Further Development of Feudal Relations；Feudalization of the Border Regions282

9.China s Communications with the Outside World289

ChapterⅨ The Ming-Qing Period：the Twilight of Feudalism295

1.Establishment of the Ming Dynasty295

2.Decline of the Ming Dyansty；Refugee and Miner Uprisings305

3.Decay of the Ming Dynasty；Peasant Uprisings Continued310

4.Rise of the Manchus；Peasant Uprisings Towards the End of the Ming；Fall of the Ming Dynasty321

5.Peasant Regime of the Great Shun；Princes of the Southern Ming；Unification Activities During the Early Qing Dynasty337

6.Qing Rule Strengthened346

7.Decline of the Qing；Uprisings of Different Ethnic Groups357

8.The Decline of Feudalism and the Emergence of Sprouts of Capitalism365

9.Arrival of Western Colonialism378

ChapterX Semi-Colonial and Semi-Feudal Society；the Old De-mocratic Revolution388

1.The Opium War388

2.The Taiping Peasant War393

3.The Second Opium War；Russia s Occupation of Chinese Territory398

4.The Later Period of the Taiping Peasant War403

5.Culture and Learning After the Opium War408

6.Foreign Economic Aggression the Offic ial“Westerniza-tion”Drive411

7.The Proletariat and the National Bourgeoisie in the Early Days；the Spread of Modern Western Science414

8.Foreign Aggression and China’s Border Crises418

9.The Sino-Japanese War and Imperialist Partition of China422

10.The Modernization Movement of the Bourgeois Reformists427

11.The Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Movement of the Yi He Tuan434

12.The Rise of the Bourgeois Revolutionary Movement439

13.The Founding of the Tong Meng Hui445

14.The Wuchang Uprising；The Founding of the Republic of China and the Fall of the Qing Dynasty449

15.The Period of Beiyang Warlord Rule455

16.Ideology and Culture During the Period of Bourgeois Revo-lution460

17.The Dawn of the Chinese Revolution468

Chapter Ⅺ The Continuation of the Semi-Colonial and Semi-Feudal Society and the New-Democratic Revolution474

1.The May 4th Movement and the Beginning of the New-democratic Revolution474

2.The Development of the National Capitalist Economy and the Formation of the Programme of the Chinese Communist Party in the Democratic Revolution488

3.The Evolution of the Beiyang Warlord Forces and the Rise of the National Revolutionary Movement497

4.Northern Expeditionary War and Failure of the National Revolution514

5.Establishment of Kuomintang Rule and the Beginning of the Soviet Revolution528

6.Growth and Decline of the Kuomintang Factions and Setting-up of the Soviet Areas536

7.The September 18th Incident and the Upsurge of the Nation-wide Anti-Japanese Democratic Movement.The Kuomintang Policy of “Internal Pacification Before Resistance to Foreign Invasion”553

8.Fascist Rule of the Kuomintang Government.The Deepening and Expansion of the Soviet Revolution and the Long March of the Red Army565

9.The Birth of New-democratic Economy.Economic Changes in the Kuomintang Area581

10.Transition from Civil War to the War of Resistance Against Japan589

11.The July 7th Incident and the Start of the Nationwide War of Resistance Against Japan.Three kinds of Political Power Exist simultaneously605

12.Changes in the Situation of the Anti-Japanese War from the Stage of Stalemate625

13.The Outbreak of the Pacific War.The Kuomintang Area and the Liberated Area in the Mid-Period of the Anti-Japanese War641

14.The Political Struggle in the Later Stage of the Anti-Japanese War and the Final Victory of the War656

15.Proposals of Political Parties Concerning National Recon-Struction.The Political Consultative Conference672

16.The Outbreak of All-out Civil War.Radical Turn in Military and Political Situation in China684

17.The Downfall of the Nanjing Regime and the Founding of the People s Republic of China705

18.Philosophy,Historiography,Natural Science and Literature725

Index746