微细沸腾传递现象 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

微细沸腾传递现象 英文版PDF格式电子书版下载

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1 Introduction1

1.1 Critical Technology1

1.2 History and Trends of Boiling2

1.3 Micro Boiling3

References4

2 Thermal Physical Fundamentals6

2.1 Phase and Phase Equilibrium6

2.2 Phase Transition9

2.3 Interfacial Aspects12

2.4 Contact Angle and Dynamical Contact Behavior16

2.4.1 Contact Angle at Equilibrium16

2.4.2 Contact Angle Hysteresis17

2.4.3 Dynamical Contact Angle19

2.5 Cluster Dynamics21

2.5.1 Clusters21

2.5.2 Number Balance of Activated Molecules in a Cluster21

2.5.3 Cluster Evolution with Intemal Perturbations24

2.5.4 Cluster Evolution with External Perturbations25

References26

3 Boiling Nucleation28

3.1 Nucleus Formation29

3.1.1 Mean Free Path29

3.1.2 Self-Aggregation29

3.1.3 Aggregate Formation31

3.1.4 Critical Aggregation Concentration33

3.1.5 Infinite Aggregation Formation34

3.1.6 Physical Configuration of Nucleus Formation35

3.2 Interfacial Efiects on Nucleation36

3.2.1 Nucleus Structure Evolution36

3.2.2 Interfacial Tension of a Nucleus37

3.2.3 Modification of Nucleation Rate38

3.3 Microscope Activation neat a F1at Surface39

3.3.1 Liquid Behavior neat a Heated Wall39

3.3.2 Nucleation Position42

3.3.3 Embryo Bubble Evolution44

3.4 Bubble Evolution from a Cavity46

3.4.1 Description of Heterogeneous Nucleation46

3.4.2 Nucleation with One Barrier50

3.4.3 Heterogeneous Nucleation with Two Barriers54

References59

4 Jet Flow Phenomena60

4.1 Experimental Phenomena61

4.1.1 Boiling on a Plate Heater61

4.1.2 Boiling on Small Wires64

4.2 Bubble-ToP Jet Flow Structure69

4.2.1 General Features69

4.2.2 Jet Structure70

4.2.3 Multi Bubble-Top Jet Flow71

4.3 Dynamical Behavior of Bubble-Top Jet Flows72

4.3.1 Jet Flow Evolution72

4.3.2 Competition and Self-Organization of Jet Flows75

4.4 Models of Bubble-Top Jet Flow78

4.4.1 Goveming Equations78

4.4.2 Fundamental Considerations79

4.5 Characteristics of Bubble-Top Jet Flow80

4.5.1 Jet Flow Driving Force and Pumping Effect80

4.5.2 Jet Flow Bifurcation Phenomenon82

4.6 Formation of Bubble-Top Jet Flow85

4.6.1 Temperature Evolution85

4.6.2 Temperature Evolution on Bubble Interface88

4.6.3 Flow Evolution89

References91

5 Bubble Dynamics on Fine Wires92

5.1 Modes of Bubble Motion93

5.1.1 Bubble Sweeping93

5.1.2 Bubble Interaction95

5.1.3 Bubble Oscillation Phenomena97

5.1.4 Bubble Leaping99

5.2 Fundamentals of Bubble Dynamics102

5.2.1 Thermocapillary Force102

5.2.2 Force Caused by Bubble Motion104

5.2.3 Dynamic Equation107

5.3 Bubble Sweeping Dynamics108

5.3.1 Single Bubble Sweeping108

5.3.2 Bubble Separation from an Immobile Bubble109

5.3.3 Separation of Two Equivalent Moving Bubbles113

5.3.4 Separation of Two Non-Equivalent Bubbles114

5.4 Bubble Collision Dynamics115

5.4.1 Collision with an Immobile Bubble115

5.4.2 Collision of Two Equivalent Bubbles117

5.4.3 Bubble Coalescence118

5.5 Bubble Oscillation119

5.5.1 Temperature Profile of a Two Immobile Bubbles System119

5.5.2 Bubble Oscillation Characteristics120

5.5.3 Bubble Oscillations with Various Effective Viscosities122

5.5.4 Coupling Bubble Oscillation124

5.6 Bubble Leaping Dynamics126

5.6.1 Dynamical Description126

5.6.2 Simple Leaping Dynamics128

5.6.3 Heat Transfer Performance during Bubble Leaping and Sweeping131

References131

6 Boiling in Micrchannels133

6.1 Experimental Observations134

6.1.1 General Behavior134

6.1.2 Nucleation Superheat135

6.1.3 Experimental Phenomena137

6.2 Physical Explanation138

6.2.1 Evaporating Space and Fictitious Boiling138

6.2.2 Thermodynamic Evidence139

6.2.3 Cluster Dynamical Evidence141

6.3 Nucleation Criterion143

6.3.1 Thermodynamic Analysis143

6.3.2 Statistical Mechanics Approach145

6.3.3 Dynamic Model149

6.4 Nucleation Kinetics151

6.4.1 Bubble Evolution Dynamics near Critical Radius151

6.4.2 Nucleation in Confined Space154

6.5 Bubble Dynamic Behavior with Local Heating158

6.5.1 Experiments158

6.5.2 Phase Change Behavior159

6.6 Interface Oscillation160

6.6.1 Periodic Feature160

6.6.2 Evaporating Interface163

6.6.3 Condensing Interface167

Reterences172

7 Boiling in Droplets175

7.1 Oscillation of Sessile Droplets176

7.1.1 Experimental Observations176

7.1.2 Oscillatory Behavior179

7.1.3 Physical Understanding181

7.2 Model of Droplet Oscillation184

7.2.1 Physical Model184

7.2.2 Flow Characteristics184

7.3 Transitional Boiling Behavior188

7.3.1 Experimental Description188

7.3.2 Restricted Cyclical Phase Change190

7.3.3 Single-Bubble Cyclical Phase Change191

7.3.4 Metastable Cyclical Phase Change193

7.4 Droplet Spreading During Evaporation and Nucleation194

7.4.1 Phenomenon Observations194

7.4.2 Influencial Factors195

7.4.3 Spread Area and Spread Speed197

7.4.4 Heat Fluxes199

References200

8 Boiling in Micro-Structures and Porous Media201

8.1 Experimental Observations202

8.1.1 Test Apparatus202

8.1.2 Low Applied Heat Flux203

8.1.3 Moderate Applied Heat Flux207

8.1.4 High Applied Heat Flux207

8.2 Bubble Behavior in Bead-Packed Structure208

8.2.1 Boiling Process208

8.2.2 Static Description of Primary Bubble Interface210

8.2.3 Comparison of Results212

8.3 Replenishment and Dynamic Behavior of Interface214

8.3.1 Replenishing Liquid Flow214

8.3.2 Dynamic Behavior of Bubble Intefface216

8.3.3 Interfacial Heat and Mass Transfer at Pore-Level219

8.4 Pore-Scale Bubble Dynamics222

8.4.1 Introduction222

8.4.2 Discrete Rising Bubble223

8.4.3 Bubble Departure Interference225

8.5 Occurrence of Dryout226

8.5.1 Lateral Bubble Coalescence and Local Vapor Patch Formation226

8.5.2 Dryout227

8.5.3 Discussion and Comparison228

Reterences231

9 Explosive Boiling233

9.1 Experimental Phenomena234

9.1.1 Visual Observation Test234

9.1.2 Jet Flow in/from Mini Tubes236

9.1.3 Exploding Emission from Micro Tubes239

9.2 Temperature Behavior During Emitting241

9.3 Theoretical Discussion244

9.3.1 Geometrical Parameters244

9.3.2 Critical Emitting Heat Flux244

9.3.3 Asymmetrical Effect247

References249

Index250

Postscript254