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VOLUME ONE THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND3

Chapter One Geography and Population3

Part One Names and Position3

Official and Geographical Names3

Position3

Part Two Geographical Features3

The Highland Zone4

The Lowland Zone4

Part Three Climate4

Features of Climate4

Factors Influencing Climate4

Part Four Natural Resources5

Minerals5

Fisheries5

Forests and Farmlands5

Waters5

Part Five The People6

Origins of the British Nationalities6

Characteristics of the British People6

Part Six Language7

Official Language and Other Languages7

History of the English Language7

Part Seven Religions7

Christianity7

The Church of England7

Other Denominations8

Exercises8

Chapter Two Government and Politics10

Part One Political System10

Part Two The Constitution10

Part Three The Monarch10

Functions of the Monarch10

Act of Settlement11

Elizabeth Ⅱ11

Part Four Parliament11

The House of Commons12

The House of Lords12

Part Five The Cabinet12

Functions of the Cabinet12

Two-Party System13

Part Six The Judiciary13

The Lord Chancellor13

Law and Courts13

Exercises13

Chapter Three Education and Social Life16

Part One Education16

Types of Schools16

Levels of Education16

Part Two Social Welfare18

Part Three Class Structure and Social Problems18

Exercises19

Chapter Four Economy and Major Cities21

Part One Economic Profile21

Part Two Structure of Economy21

The Primary Industries21

The Secondary Industries22

The Tertiary Industries22

Part Three Major Cities22

London22

Birmingham23

Manchester23

Liverpool24

Cardiff24

Edinburgh24

Belfast24

Exercises25

Chapter Five History26

Part One The Early and Medieval History26

The Native Celts and the Roman Conquest26

The Anglo-Saxon Conquest26

The Viking Invasions27

The Norman Conquest27

Exercises27

Part Two The Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of the English Bourgeoisie28

Henry Ⅱ and His Reforms29

King John and the Great Charter29

Beginning of Parliament30

The Hundred Years' War30

The Black Death31

The Peasants' Revolt31

The Wars of the Roses32

The New Monarchy32

Renaissance in England34

Exercises35

Part Three English Bourgeoisie Revolution in the 17th Century36

James I and the Parliament36

Charles I36

The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament37

The Civil War37

Restoration37

The Glorious Revolution38

Exercises39

Part Four The Rise of the British Empire39

The Industrial Revolution39

The Chartist Movement40

Queen Victoria and Her Time41

Foreign Expansion41

Exercises43

Part Five The Fall of the British Empire44

Britain and World War Ⅰ44

Britain and World War Ⅱ44

Major Events After World War Ⅱ46

Conservative in Power48

Labour in Power49

The 2010 General Election50

Relations with China50

Exercises55

VOLUME TWO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA59

Chapter One Geography and Population59

Part One Names and Position59

Part Two Geographical Features59

The Eastern Part60

The Central Part60

The Western Part60

Part Three Climate61

Features of Climate61

Factors Influencing Climate62

Part Four Natural Resources63

Waters63

Forests64

Minerals64

Part Five The People65

Immigration to America65

Composition of Population66

Exercises69

Chapter Two Government and Politics71

Part One Government Principles71

Part Two The Federal Government71

The President71

The Congress72

The Supreme Court73

Notable Government Agencies74

Part Three State and Local Governments75

Exercises76

Chapter Three Economy and Major Cities78

Part One Economic Profile78

Part Two Economic System78

The Giant Corporations79

The Small Businesses79

Role of Government in Economy79

Part Three Structure of Economy80

The Primary Industries80

The Secondary Industries81

The Tertiary Industries81

Part Four Imports and Exports82

Part Five Energy82

Part Six Current Problems83

Part Seven Major Cities83

Washington, D. C.83

New York City83

Chicago84

Boston84

Los Angeles84

Detroit85

Houston85

San Francisco85

Exercises85

Chapter Four Education and Social Life87

Part One American Education87

Elementary and Secondary Education87

Higher Education87

Part Two Employment and Social Welfare88

Employment in America Today88

Types of Social Welfare89

Exercises90

Chapter Five History92

Part One The Thirteen Colonies and the War of Independence92

Columbus Discovering the New World92

The Founding of the Colonies93

The Early Immigrants94

Relations Between England and the Colonies95

Conflicts Leading to Armed Revolution95

The First Continental Congress96

The First Armed Clash97

The Declaration of Independence97

The War of Independence97

Exercises98

Part Two Appearance of the American Constitution and Territorial Expansion99

America Following Independence100

The Confederation and the Constitution100

Washington as the First President101

John Adams102

The Administration of Thomas Jefferson103

The War with Britain Between 1812 and 1814104

The Monroe Doctrine105

Jackson and Spoils System105

The Mexican War106

The Westward Movement106

Exercises107

Part Three The United States During and After the Civil War108

The American Civil War108

After the Civil War109

Economic Development110

Social Reforms During Industrialization111

The Growth of U. S. Imperialism112

Exercises112

Part Four The United States During and After World War Ⅰ113

World War Ⅰ113

American Red Scare114

Changes of America After World War Ⅰ114

The Great Depression116

President Roosevelt's “New Deal”116

Exercises117

Part Five The United States During and After World War Ⅱ118

World War Ⅱ118

The Lend-Lease Bill120

Cold War and America's Containment120

The Korean War120

McCarthy Era121

Cuban Missile Crisis122

John Kennedy and New Frontier122

Demands for Reform123

The Beat Generation124

Vietnam War124

The Watergate Affair125

Present America125

Relations with China132

Exercises134

VOLUME THREE THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA139

Chapter One Geography and Population139

Part One Position139

Part Two Geographical Features139

The Eastern Highlands139

The Central Eastern Lowlands139

The Great Western Plateau139

Part Three Climate140

Features of Climate140

Factors Influencing Climate140

Part Four The People140

Exercises141

Chapter Two Government and Politics143

Part One Constitution143

Part Two Parliament143

Part Three The Judiciary144

Part Four Parties144

The Australian Labour Party144

Liberal Party144

National Party145

Exercises145

Chapter Three Education147

Part One Primary Education147

Part Two Secondary Education147

Part Three Tertiary Education148

Exercises148

Chapter Four Economy and Major Cities150

Part One Structure of Economy150

Agriculture150

Mining Industry150

Service Industries151

Part Two Current Problems151

Part Three Major Cities152

Canberra152

Sydney152

Melbourne153

Exercises154

Chapter Five History156

Part One Australia to Federation156

The Natives in Australia Before 1788156

Australia as a Colony from 1788 to 1900156

Exercises158

Part Two Australia Since Federation159

Founding of Australia-Federation159

Australia and World War Ⅰ159

Australia and World War Ⅱ160

Australia After World War Ⅱ160

Present Australia161

Relations with China161

Exercises162

VOLUME FOUR CANADA167

Chapter One Geography and Population167

Part One Geographical Features167

Position167

Landform167

Climate169

Part Two Natural Resources169

Minerals169

Waters170

Forests170

Part Three The People170

Distribution of Population170

Multi-nationality170

Part Four Culture170

Multi-culturalism170

Bilingualism171

Sports171

Religion171

Part Five Education171

Exercises172

Chapter Two Government and Politics174

Part One Political System174

Part Two Parties175

Part Three Quebec's Problem175

Exercises176

Chapter Three Economy and Major Cities178

Part One Structure of Economy178

Changes and Adjustments178

Agriculture179

Manufacturing179

Part Two Current Problems179

Part Three Major Cities180

Ottawa180

Montreal180

Toronto180

Vancouver180

Calgary181

Quebec City181

Winnipeg182

Exercises182

Chapter Four History184

Part One Discovery by the European184

Part Two Colony of Britain184

Part Three Autonomous Government and the Commonwealth of Nations185

Part Four Independence185

Part Five Present Canada186

Part Six Foreign Relations186

Exercises187

VOLUME FIVE NEW ZEALAND191

Chapter One Geography and Population191

Part One Geographical Features191

Part Two Climate192

Part Three Biodiversity192

Part Four The People193

Part Five Culture193

Part Six Education194

Primary and Secondary Education194

Higher Education194

Exercises195

Chapter Two Government and Politics197

Part One Political System197

Part Two Government197

Part Three Parliament197

Part Four Election System198

Part Five The Judiciary198

Exercises198

Chapter Three Economy200

Part One Structure of Economy200

Part Two Export and Import Products201

Agriculture201

Industry202

Energy202

Exercises202

Chapter Four History204

Part One The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840204

Part Two The Independence of New Zealand204

Part Three Post-war New Zealand205

Part Four Foreign Relations205

Exercises206

VOLUME SIX THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND209

Chapter One Geography and Population209

Part One Geographical Features209

Part Two Climate209

Part Three Population and Language210

Part Four Culture210

Religion210

Part Five Education211

Exercises211

Chapter Two Government and Politics213

Part One Constitution213

Part Two Political System213

The Executive213

The Legislative213

The Judiciary214

Part Three Parties214

Exercises214

Chapter Three Economy216

Exercises217

Chapter Four History218

Exercises219

Appendix 1 : Key to the Exercises221

Appendix 2 : Supplementary Materials for Reference243

1．英国历代国王、女王世系表243

2．英国历届首相一览表245

3．美国主要地名表247

4．美国历届总统一览表249