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VOLUME Ⅰ The United Kingdom3

CHAPTER ONE LAND AND PEOPLE3

Section One The British Isles and Great Britain3

1．Names and Position3

2．Physiographic Features8

3．Climate and Weather11

4．Factors Influencing English Weather14

5．Inland Water14

6．The English Language16

Section Two People and the State20

1．People21

2．Party Politics23

3．Central Government24

4．Local Governments25

5．Law27

6．Reform of the Law Court28

7．Legal Profession30

8．Police Force30

9．Religion31

10．Characteristics of the English People34

11．Generation Gap37

Section Three National Economy40

1．General Survey40

2．Company Law and Framework of Industry41

3．Heavy and Light Industries43

4．Textile Industries45

5．Agriculture46

6．Transportation and Communication47

7．British Disease and Thatcher's Medicine49

8．Cities51

CHAPTER TWO ENGLISH HISTORY59

Section One Origion of the English Nation59

1．The Native Celts and the Anglo-Saxon Conquest59

2．The Normans65

3．The Norman Conquest65

4．Influence of the Norman Conquest and Middle English66

Section Two Beginning of Parliament and Decline of Feudalism70

1．Henry II and His Reform70

2．The Great Charter73

3．Beginning of Parliament76

4．The Hundred Years'War78

5．The Black Death(1348—1349)79

6．The Peasant Uprising(1368)81

7．The Wars of the Roses(1455—1485)82

Section Three The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie84

1．The New Monarchy84

2．Renaissance in England85

3．The Three Major Churches of the World88

4．The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages89

5．Revolt of the Protestants90

6．Reformation in England and the Church of England91

7．Elizabeth I(1533—1603)93

8．Culture and Social Life96

Section Four The English Bourgeois Revolution and the Industrial Revolution98

1．James I98

2．Charles I100

3．The Independents and Puritants101

4．The Petition of Right102

5．The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament103

6．The Civil War103

7．Restoration(1660)106

8．The Glorious Revolution(1688)107

9．Background of the Industrial Revolution108

10．Process of the Industrial Revolution109

11．Effect of the Industrial Revolution111

12．The Chartist Movement(1836—1848)113

13．Queen Victoria and Her Time(1837—1901)115

Section Five The Rise and Fall of the British Empire117

1．Foreign Expansion117

2．The First World War and the Decline of the British Empire122

3．Britain and the Second World War123

CHAPTER THREE POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATION129

Section One The Monarchy129

Section Two The Nobility and House of Lords134

Section Three The House of Commons138

Section Four The British Government142

Section Five Political Pariles144

Section Six Educational System and Schools148

CHAPTER FOUR SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL154

Section One Family and Life154

Section Two Britain's Papers,Radio and Television163

VOLUME Ⅱ The United States169

CHAPTER ONE PANORAMIC VIEW169

Section One The United States and the Americans169

1．Name,Size and Position169

2．Government Principles and System170

3．The Federal Government172

4．State Governments175

5．Local Governments176

6．Population177

7．The Melting Pot183

8．Distribution of People185

9．Background of the Class Structure187

10．The Upper,Middle and Lower Classes188

Section Two Geographical Features,Climate and Natural Resources194

1．The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains194

2．The Great Mississippi River Basin195

3．The Rockies west to the Pacific Ocean196

4．Climate and Weather198

5．Rivers and Lakes201

6．Forests205

7．Mineral Resources206

8．Land Resources208

9．New Problems209

Section Three National Economy and Cities211

1．General Introduction211

2．The Market Sector212

3．The Corporate Sector214

4．The Public Sector215

5．Economic and Trade Relations with China216

6．Industry and Cities217

7．Agriculture and Husbandry229

8．Transportation and Communication233

9．Current Problems235

CHAPTER TWO AMERICAN HISTORY239

Section One The Thirteen English-American Colonies and the War of Independence239

1．The Founding of the Colonies239

2．The Early Immigrants242

3．Life in the Colonies244

4．Relation between England and Colonies247

5．The Boston Tea Party248

6．The First Continental Congress249

7．The First Armed Clash250

8．The Second Continental Congress251

9．The Declaration of Independence253

10．Military Struggle and Final Victory254

Section Two Appearance of the American Constitution and Territorial Expansion258

1．America Following Independence258

2．The Constitutional Convention260

3．The American Constitution262

4．Washington as the First President265

5．Jefferson and the Purchase of Louisiana267

6．The Second War with England(1812)268

7．The Monroe Doctrine(1823)270

8．The Mexican War and Its Results(1846—1848)272

9．Large Scale Expansion to the West274

10．Frontiersmen's Influence on Politics279

Section Three The Civil War281

1．The Beginning of Slavery in America281

2．Conflicts Arising from Slavery283

3．Abraham Lincoln286

4．Military Contest in the Civil War288

5．The Emancipation Proclamation and Final Victory290

6．Lincoln's Death and American Concept of a Hero291

7．Effect of the Civil War294

8．Economic Development295

9．Appearance of Monopoly Businesses298

10．Progressivism300

11．The Federal Reserve Bank302

12．Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with Spain302

13．Aggression against China304

Section Four America During and After World War Ⅰ305

1．America's Neutrality305

2．America Entering the War(1917)305

3．America after World War(Ⅰ)307

4．The Great Depression311

5．President Roosevelt's"New Deal"313

6．Comment on the"New Deal"315

Section Five America During and After World War Ⅱ317

1．Background and Outbreak of General War317

2．Changes of the US Policy319

3．The Lend-Lease Bill320

4．America's Entry into the War321

5．America after the War324

6．Cold War and America's Containment324

7．Red Scare and the MeCarthy Era328

8．Demand for Reform328

9．Counterculture and the Beat Generation332

10．The Watergate Affair334

11．Reagan Revolution and Clinton336

CHAPTER THREE FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL LIFE341

Section One Political Parties and Elections341

Section Two The Federal Government and the President347

Section Three The US Congress354

Section Four The Judicial Branch358

Section Five Education and Schools365

Section Six Employment,Life and Family374

CHAPTER FOUR SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS384

Section One The US Radio and Television384

Section Two The US Passport and Immigration Law386

Section Three Investment:A Basic Glossary390

Reference394

Ⅰ．Kings and Queens of England and Great Britain394

Ⅱ．The 50 States of America400

Ⅲ．Presidents of the U.S402

Ⅳ．Currency404

Ⅴ．Bibliography406