数字测图原理与方法PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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CONTENS1

Chapter 1 Introduction1

Preface1

Foreword1

目 录1

§1.1测绘学的任务及作用1

序1

前言1

第一章 绪论1

1.1 Tasks and functions of Geomatics2

1.2 Overview of digital mapping3

§1.2数字测图的发展概况3

1.3 Purposes and requirements for studying the course4

§1.3 学习数字测图原理与方法的目的和要求4

2.1 The shape and size of the earth6

Chapter 2 Basic Knowledge of Surveys6

第二章测量的基本知识6

§2.1地球形状和大小6

2.2 Common surveying coordinate systems and orientation of reference ellipsoid8

§2.2测量常用坐标系和参考椭球定位8

2.3 Map projection and Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system12

§2.3地图投影和高斯平面直角坐标系12

§2.4高程19

2.4 Elevation19

2.5 Limit of replacing level surface with horizontal plane20

§2.5用水平面代替水准面的限度20

§2.6方位角22

2.6 Azimuth22

§2.7地形图的基本知识24

2.7 Basic knowledge of topographic map24

§2.8地形图的分幅与编号31

2.8 Sheet line system and sheet number of topographic map31

3.1 Classification of observation errors42

§3.1观测误差的分类42

第三章测量误差基本知识42

Chapter 3 Basic Knowledge of Errors42

§3.2衡量精度的标准45

3.2 Criterion for evaluating precision45

3.3 Arithmetic mean and root mean square error of observations48

§3.3算术平均值及观测值的中误差48

3.4 The law of error propagation51

§3.4误差传播定律51

3.5 Weighted mean and precision evaluation55

§3.5加权平均值及其精度评定55

3.6 Principles of adjustment of observation equations58

§3.6间接平差原理58

第四章 水准测量和水准仪62

§4.1水准测量原理与方法62

Chapter 4 Leveling and Level62

4.1 Principles and methods of leveling62

4.2 Levels and leveling rods65

§4.2水准仪和水准尺65

4.3 Field works of leveling81

§4.3水准测量外业施测81

§4.4水准测量的误差分析88

4.4 Error analysis in leveling88

§4.5 水准仪的检验与校正90

4.5 Test and adjustment of levels90

§5.1角度测量原理103

第五章 角度、距离测量与全站仪103

Chapter 5 Angle Measurement, Distance Measurement and103

Total Station103

5.1 Principles of angle measurement103

§5.2经纬仪104

5.2 Theodolite104

5.3 Methods of determining angles115

§5.3 角度观测方法115

5.4 Errors sources and precision in determining horizontal angles123

§5.4水平角观测的误差和精度123

5.5 Test and adjustment of the theodolite132

§5.5 经纬仪的检验和校正132

5.6 Distance measurement137

§5.6 距离测量137

5.7 Error analysis of electro-optical distance measurement154

§5.7光电测距误差分析154

5.8 Test of electro-optical distance measuring instruments158

§5.8光电测距仪的检验158

5.9 Total station and automatic total station system162

§5.9全站仪和自动全站仪162

5.10 Trigonometric leveling166

§5.10三角高程测量166

第六章控制测量172

§6.1控制测量概述172

Chapter 6 Control Survey172

6.1 Overview172

§6.2导线测量181

6.2 Traverse survey181

6.3 Intersection195

§6.3交会测量195

6.4 Triangulation204

§6.4三角网测量204

§6.5高程控制测量210

6.5 Vertical control survey210

6.6 Applications of Global Positioning System（GPS） in control survey219

§6.6全球定位系统（GPS）在控制测量中的应用219

Chapter 7 Detail Survey226

7.1 Methods of detail mapping226

第七章碎部测量226

§7.1碎部测图方法226

§7.2测定碎部点的基本方法230

7.2 Basic methods of determining detail points230

7.3 Location and depiction of planimetric feature235

§7.3地物测绘235

7.4 Determination and depiction of relief239

§7.4地貌测绘239

8.1 Basic graphic display248

第八章计算机地图绘图基础248

§8.1基本图形显示248

Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Computer Plotting248

8. 2 Automatic plotting of planimetric feature symbols252

§8.2地形图地物符号的自动绘制252

§8.3曲线光滑的数学方法257

8.3 Mathematical smoothing methods for curves257

§8.4等高线的自动绘制260

8.4 Automatic plotting of contour260

§9.1地形图手扶跟踪数字化267

第九章地形图的数字化267

Chapter 9 Topographic Map Digitizing267

9.1 Digitizing of topographic map by manual tracing267

9.2 Digital image and raster data operation274

§9.2数字图像概念和栅格数据的运算274

§9.3地形图的扫描屏幕数字化278

9.3 Digitizing of topographic map by scanning and screen manual editing278

10.1 Technical design for large-scale digital mapping282

§10.1 大比例尺测图的技术设计282

第十章大比例尺数字地形图测绘282

Topographic Map282

Chapter 10 Surveying and Mapping of Large-Scale Digital282

10.2 Mapping control survey and station determination283

§10.2 图根控制测量和测站点测定283

10.3 Field data collection285

§10.3野外采集数据285

10.4 Editing and output of digital topographic map288

§10.4数字地形图编辑和输出288

10.5 Quality control of large-scale digital topographic map291

§10.5大比例尺数字地形图质量控制291

§10.6地形图数据库293

10.6 Topographic map database293

Chapter 11 Applications of Digital Topographic Map299

11.1 Overview299

第十一章数字地形图的应用299

§11.1 概述299

11.2 Applications of paper topographic map300

§11.2纸质地形图的应用300

11.3 Computation of areas and volumes304

§11.3面积和体积计算304

§11.4格网数字高程模型308

11.4 Grid digital elevation model308

§11.5地面模型透视图313

11.5 Perspective view of terrain model313

第十二章地籍图和房产图测绘318

§12.1概述318

Chapter 12 Surveying and Mapping of Cadastral Map and318

Real Estate Map318

12.1 Overview318

§12.2地籍调查320

12.2 Cadastral inventory320

§12.3地籍图测绘325

12.3 Surveying and mapping of cadastral map325

12.4 Real estate investigation331

§12.4房产调查331

12.5 Surveying and mapping of real estate map335

§12.5房产图测绘335

第十三章地下管线图测绘342

§13.1地下管线探测342

13. 1 Underground pipeline probing342

Chapter 13 Surveying and Mapping of Underground Pipeline Map342

§13.2地下管线物理探查345

13.2 Physical sounding of underground pipeline345

§13.3地下管线测量347

13.3 Underground pipeline survey347

Chapter 14 Route Surveys353

14. 1 Surveying and mapping of strip topographic map353

第十四章路线测量353

§14.1带状地形图测绘353

§14.2路线中线测量355

14.2 Center line survey355

14. 3 Profile survey362

§14.3断面图测量362

14.4 Profile plotting369

§14.4断面图绘制369