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亚原子物理学 第3版 英文版PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

亚原子物理学 第3版 英文版
  • (美)亨利(ErnestM.Henley),AlejandroGarcia著 著
  • 出版社: 北京:世界图书北京出版公司
  • ISBN:9787510086359
  • 出版时间:2015
  • 标注页数:620页
  • 文件大小:91MB
  • 文件页数:639页
  • 主题词:原子物理学-教材-英文

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图书目录

1 Background and Language1

1.1 Orders of Magnitude1

1.2 Units3

1.3 Special Relativity,Feynman Diagrams4

1.4 References8

Ⅰ Tools11

2 Accelerators13

2.1 Why Accelerators?13

2.2 Cross Sections and Luminosity16

2.3 Electrostatic Generators(Van de Graaff)18

2.4 Linear Accelerators(Linacs)20

2.5 Beam Optics22

2.6 Synchrotrons24

2.7 Laboratory and Center-of-MomentumFrames29

2.8 Colliding Beams31

2.9 Superconducting Linacs31

2.1 0 Beam Storage and Cooling32

2.1 1 References34

3 Passage of Radiation Through Matter39

3.1 Concepts39

3.2 Heavy Charged Particles41

3.3 Photons45

3.4 Electrons46

3.5 Nuclear Interactions49

3.6 References50

4 Detectors53

4.1 Scintillation Counters53

4.2 Statistical Aspects56

4.3 Semiconductor Detectors59

4.4 Bubble Chambers62

4.5 Spark Chambers64

4.6 Wire Chambers65

4.7 Drift Chambers66

4.8 Time Projection Chambers67

4.9 ?erenkov Counters68

4.10 Calorimeters69

4.11 Counter Electronics70

4.12 Electronics:Logic72

4.13 References73

Ⅱ Particles and Nuclei77

5 The Subatomic Zoo79

5.1 Mass and Spin.Fermions and Bosons79

5.2 Electric Charge and Magnetic Dipole Moment84

5.3 Mass Measurements87

5.4 A First Glance at the Subatomic Zoo92

5.5 Gauge Bosons94

5.6 Leptons97

5.7 Decays98

5.8 Mesons103

5.9 Baryon Ground States105

5.10 Particles and Antiparticles108

5.11 Quarks,Gluons,and Intermediate Bosons112

5.12 Excited States and Resonances118

5.13 Excited States of Baryons122

5.14 References128

6 Structure of Subatomic Particles135

6.1 The Approach:Elastic Scattering135

6.2 Rutherford and Mott Scattering136

6.3 Form Factors140

6.4 The Charge Distribution of Spherical Nuclei143

6.5 Leptons Are Point Particles147

6.6 Nucleon Elastic Form Factors153

6.7 The Charge Radii of the Pion and Kaon160

6.8 Inelastic Electron and Muon Scattering161

6.9 Deep Inelastic Electron Scattering164

6.10 Quark-Parton Model for Deep Inelastic Scattering166

6.11 More Details on Scattering and Structure172

6.12 References189

Ⅲ Symmetries and Conservation Laws195

7 Additive Conservation Laws197

7.1 Conserved Quantities and Symmetries197

7.2 The Electric Charge203

7.3 The Baryon Number206

7.4 Lepton and Lepton Flavor Number208

7.5 Strangeness Flavor211

7.6 Additive Quantum Numbers of Quarks214

7.7 References216

8 Angular Momentum and Isospin221

8.1 Invariance Under Spatial Rotation221

8.2 Symmetry Breaking by a Magnetic Field223

8.3 Charge Independence of Hadronic Forces224

8.4 The Nucleon Isospin225

8.5 Isospin Invariance226

8.6 Isospin of Particles228

8.7 Isospin in Nuclei232

8.8 References235

9 P,C,CP,and T239

9.1 The Parity Operation239

9.2 The Intrinsic Parities of Subatomic Particles243

9.3 Conservation and Breakdown of Parity247

9.4 Charge Conjugation252

9.5 Time Reversal256

9.6 The Two-State Problem260

9.7 The Neutral Kaons263

9.8 The Fall of CP Invariance268

9.9 References271

Ⅳ Interactions279

10 The Electromagnetic Interaction281

10.1 The Golden Rule281

10.2 Phase Space286

10.3 The Classical Electromagnetic Interaction289

10.4 Photon Emission292

10.5 Multipole Radiation299

10.6 Electromagnetic Scattering of Leptons303

10.7 Vector Mesons as Mediators of the Photon-Hadron Interaction307

10.8 Colliding Beams311

10.9 Electron-Positron Collisions and Quarks314

10.10 The Photon-Hadron Interaction:Real and Spacelike Photons317

10.11 Magnetic Monopoles323

10.12 References324

11 The Weak Interaction331

11.1 The Continuous Beta Spectrum331

11.2 Beta Decay Lifetimes335

11.3 The Current-Current Interaction of the Standard Model337

11.4 A Variety of Weak Processes342

11.5 The Muon Decay346

11.6 The Weak Current of Leptons348

11.7 Chirality versus Helicity353

11.8 The Weak Coupling Constant GF354

11.9 Weak Decays of Quarks and the CKM Matrix355

11.10 Weak Currents in Nuclear Physics356

11.11 Inverse Beta Decay:Reines and Cowan's Detection of Neutrinos361

11.12 Massive Neutrinos363

11.13 Majorana versus Dirac Neutrinos365

11.14 The Weak Current of Hadrons at High Energies366

11.15 References375

12 Introduction to Gauge Theories383

12.1 Introduction383

12.2 Potentials in Quantum Mechanics—The Aharonov-Bohm Effect386

12.3 Gauge Invariance for Non-Abelian Fields388

12.4 The Higgs Mechanism;Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking393

12.5 General References401

13 The Electroweak Theory of the Standard Model403

13.1 Introduction403

13.2 The Gauge Bosons and Weak Isospin404

13.3 The Electroweak Interaction408

13.4 Tests of the Standard Model414

13.5 References418

14 Strong Interactions421

14.1 Range and Strength of the Low-Energy Strong Interactions422

14.2 The Pion-Nucleon Interaction—Survey425

14.3 The Form of the Pion-Nucleon Interaction430

14.4 The Yukawa Theory of Nuclear Forces432

14.5 Low-Energy Nucleon-Nucleon Force434

14.6 Meson Theory of the Nucleon-NucleonForce442

14.7 Strong Processes at High Energies445

14.8 The Standard Model,Quantum Chromodynamics451

14.9 QCD at Low Energies456

14.10 Grand Unified Theories,Supersymmetry,String Theories458

14.11 References460

Ⅴ Models469

15 Quark Models of Mesons and Baryons471

15.1 Introduction471

15.2 Quarks as Building Blocks of Hadrons472

15.3 Hunting the Quark474

15.4 Mesons as Bound Quark States475

15.5 Baryons as Bound Quark States478

15.6 The Hadron Masses480

15.7 QCD and Quark Models of the Hadrons483

15.8 Heavy Mesons:Charmonium,Upsilon491

15.9 Outlook and Problems493

15.10 References494

16 Liquid Drop Model,Fermi Gas Model,Heavy Ions501

16.1 The Liquid Drop Model501

16.2 The Fermi Gas Model506

16.3 Heavy Ion Reactions508

16.4 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions511

16.5 References515

17 The Shell Model521

17.1 The Magic Numbers522

17.2 The Closed Shells524

17.3 The Spin-Orbit Interaction529

17.4 The Single-Particle Shell Model531

17.5 Generalization of the Single-Particle Model533

17.6 Isobaric Analog Resonances535

17.7 Nuclei Far From the Valley of Stability537

17.8 References538

18 Collective Model543

18.1 Nuclear Deformations544

18.2 Rotational Spectra of Spinless Nuclei547

18.3 Rotational Families551

18.4 One-Particle Motion in Deformed Nuclei(Nilsson Model)554

18.5 Vibrational States in Spherical Nuclei558

18.6 The Interacting Boson Model562

18.7 Highly Excited States;Giant Resonances564

18.8 Nuclear Models—Concluding Remarks567

18.9 References570

19 Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics579

19.1 The Beginning of the Universe579

19.2 Primordial Nucleosynthesis585

19.3 Stellar Energy and Nucleosynthesis586

19.4 Stellar Collapse and Neutron Stars592

19.5 Cosmic Rays596

19.6 Neutrino Astronomy and Cosmology601

19.7 Leptogenesis as Basis for Baryon Excess602

19.8 References603

Index609

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