土木工程材料 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

土木工程材料 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 Introduction1

1.1 Historic development1

1.2 Structural materials and structural design2

1.3 Physical properties3

1.3.1 Density，apparent density and packing density of matter4

1.3.1.1 Density4

1.3.1.2 Apparent density4

1.3.1.3 Packing density4

1.3.2 Porosity and void percentage5

1.3.2.1 Porosity5

1.3.2.2 Void percentage6

1.3.3 Physical properties relevant to water6

1.3.3.1 Hydrophilicity and hydrophobility6

1.3.3.2 Water adsorption7

1.3.3.3 Hygroscopicity7

1.3.3.4 Water resistance（coefficient of softening）7

1.3.3.5 Water impermeability7

1.3.3.6 Frost resistance8

1.3.4 Physical properties relevant to thermal effects8

1.3.4.1 Thermal conductivity8

1.3.4.2 Thermal capacity and specific heat capacity8

1.3.4.3 Thermal expansion9

1.3.4.4 Fire resistance and refractoriness9

1.4 Chemical properties10

1.4.1 Reactivity10

1.4.2 Activation energy10

1.5 Principles in the selection of materials11

1.6 Innovations and development trends in construction materials12

1.6.1 Functional materials12

1.6.1.1 Cement-based piezoelectric materials12

1.6.1.2 Thin-walled low frequency sound shielding material15

1.6.1.3 Controllable heat insulation building products with phase changing materials（PCM）15

1.6.1.4 Electromagnetic wave shielding and absorbing materials17

1.6.2 Sustainability:Eco-friendly material development20

1.6.2.1 Recycle and reuse of industry waste20

1.6.2.2 New binders-energy efficient materials with less CO223

1.6.3 Multiple disciplinary integrated materials24

1.6.3.1 Nanotechnology in construction24

1.6.3.2 Dynamic shading window system（DSWS）26

1.6.3.3 Self-compacting concrete（SCC）27

Discussion topics28

References28

Chapter 2 Mechanical behavior of materials32

2.1 Material behavior and structural performance32

2.2 Elastic behavior34

2.2.1 Introduction34

2.2.2 Physical basis of elastic behavior34

2.2.3 Young's Modulus:definition,typical values and significance to structural design35

2.2.4 Modulus of composite materials and application to reinforced concrete member36

2.3 Plastic behavior38

2.3.1 Phenomenon of plastic yielding38

2.3.2 Physical basis of plastic behavior40

2.3.3 Modeling of plastic behavior41

2.3.4 Illustration of plastic behavior with a parallel system42

2.4 Time dependent behavior—Creep44

2.4.1 Phenomenon of time dependent behavior44

2.4.2 Implications to structural design44

2.4.3 Physical basis of time dependent behavior45

2.4.4 Modeling of creep at low temperature with viscoelastic models46

2.4.5 Strain response under arbitrary stress history—superposition49

2.5 Fracture49

2.5.1 Introduction49

2.5.2 Fast fracture:physical basis and modeling50

2.5.3 Ductile to brittle failure transition of metal53

2.5.4 Fatigue—phenomenon and empirical expressions54

2.5.5 Physical basis of fatigue and K-based modeling57

Discussion topics58

Problems59

References62

Chapter 3 Aggregates63

3.1 Introduction63

3.2 Classification of aggregate63

3.3 Aggregates produced from industrial waste66

3.3.1 B1ast furnace slag aggregate67

3.3.2 Aggregates from recycled concrete67

3.4 Properties of aggregates68

3.4.1 Density of aggregate68

3.4.2 Moisture conditions69

3.5 Grading70

3.5.1 Definition70

3.5.2 Determination of the grading71

3.5.3 Fineness modulus72

3.5.4 Fineness modulus for blending of aggregates73

3.6 Shape and surface texture73

3.7 Deleterious substances74

3.8 Soundness75

Discussion topics76

Problems76

References77

Chapter 4 Binder materials78

4.1 Organic binders78

4.1.1 Asphalt78

4.1.1.1 Introduction78

4.1.1.2 Manufacture78

4.1.1.3 Composition of asphalt80

4.1.1.4 Properties of asphalt81

4.1.1.5 Application82

4.1.2 Polymers83

4.1.2.1 Introduction83

4.1.2.2 Composite and manufacture83

4.1.2.3 Composite properties84

4.1.2.4 Installation procedures for FRP application84

4.1.2.5 Applications of FRP85

4.2 Inorganic binders85

4.2.1 Lime85

4.2.1.1 Introduction85

4.2.1.2 Classification86

4.2.1.3 Manufacture86

4.2.2 Gypsum90

4.2.2.1 Introduction90

4.2.2.2 Manufacture91

4.2.2.3 C1assification92

4.2.2.4 Application92

4.2.3 Water glass93

4.2.3.1 Introduction93

4.2.3.2 Properties93

4.2.3.3 Application93

4.2.4 Portland cement93

4.2.4.1 Manufacture94

4.2.4.2 Chemical composition99

4.2.4.3 Hydration100

4.2.4.4 Type of Portland cement113

4.2.4.5 Properties of Portland cement116

Discussion topics120

References121

Chapter 5 Concrete123

5.1 Introduction123

5.1.1 Historic development123

5.1.2 The applications of Portland cement concrete124

5.1.3 Characteristics of concrete126

5.1.3.1 Advantages of concrete126

5.1.3.2 Limitations128

5.1.4 Types of concrete130

5.1.4.1 Classification in accordance with unit weight130

5.1.4.2 Classification in accordance with compressive strength130

5.1.4.3 Classification in accordance with additives131

5.1.5 Factors influencing concrete properties131

5.1.5.1 w/c ratio（or w/b or w/p ratio）131

5.1.5.2 Cement content132

5.1.5.3 Aggregate132

5.1.5.4 Admixtures133

5.1.5.5 Mixing procedures133

5.1.5.6 Curing134

5.2 Admixtures used for making concretes134

5.2.1 Definition and classifications135

5.2.2 Chemical admixtures136

5.2.2.1 Water reducing admixtures136

5.2.2.2 Setting control admixtures137

5.2.3 Air-entraining admixtures139

5.2.4 Mineral admixtures142

5.3 Three-phase theory for concrete146

5.3.1 Concept of the third phase—transition zone146

5.3.2 Structure of the transition zone148

5.3.3 Influence of the transition zone on properties of concrete148

5.4 Fresh concrete150

5.4.1 Definition150

5.4.2 Workability150

5.4.3 Measurement of workability154

5.4.4 Setting of concrete158

5.4.5 Placing,compacting and curing159

5.4.5.1 Delivery of concrete160

5.4.5.2 Placing of concrete160

5.4.5.3 Compacting and finishing161

5.4.5.4 Curing161

5.5 Hardened concrete163

5.5.1 Strength of hardened concrete163

5.5.1.1 Control methods for strength test164

5.5.1.2 Calibration of transducers165

5.5.1.3 Compressive strength and corresponding tests166

5.5.1.3.1 Failure mechanism166

5.5.1.3.2 Specimen preparation for compression test167

5.5.1.3.3 Factors affecting the measured compressive strength167

5.5.1.4 Uniaxial tensile strength and corresponding tests169

5.5.1.4.1 Failure mechanism170

5.5.1.4.2 Stress concentration factor170

5.5.1.4.3 Relationship between the compressive strength and tensile strength170

5.5.1.4.4 Indirect tension test（split cylinder test or Brazilian test）171

5.5.1.5 Flexural strength and corresponding tests172

5.5.1.6 Behavior of concrete under multi-axial stresses173

5.5.1.6.1 Behavior under biaxial stress173

5.5.1.6.2 Behavior of concrete under triaxial stress174

5.5.1.7 Fatigue strength of concrete175

5.5.2 Stress-strain relationship and constitutive equations177

5.5.2.1 Method to obtain a stress-strain（deformation）curves177

5.5.2.2 Modulus of elasticity179

5.5.3 Dimensional stability-shrinkage and creep181

5.5.3.1 Shrinkage181

5.5.3.1.1 Plastic shrinkage181

5.5.3.1.2 Autogenous shrinkage182

5.5.3.1.3 Drying shrinkage183

5.5.3.2 Creep186

5.5.3.2.1 Phenomenon of creep186

5.5.3.2.2 Influence of creep on reinforced concrete187

5.5.3.2.3 Mechanism of creep in concrete188

5.5.3.2.4 Importance of applied stress level to creep189

5.5.3.2.5 ACI equation for predicting creep189

5.5.3.3 Test method for creep190

5.5.3.4 Other important factors affecting shrinkage and creep190

5.5.4 Durability191

5.5.4.1 Causes of deterioration and main durability problems192

5.5.4.2 Basic factors influencing the durability193

5.5.4.3 Measurement of permeability coefficient195

5.5.4.4 Measurement of diffusivity coefficient197

5.5.4.5 Cracks in concrete199

5.5.4.6 Corrosion of reinforcing steel200

5.5.4.6.1 Carbonation-induced corrosion200

5.5.4.6.2 Chloride-induced corrosion202

5.5.4.6.3 Corrosion mechanisms204

5.5.4.7 Alkali-aggregate reaction210

5.5.4.8 Deterioration caused by Freeze-thaw214

5.5.4.9 Degradation caused by sulfate attack216

5.5.4.10 Durability in marine environment220

5.5.4.11 Deterioration of concrete caused by multi-factors222

Discussion topics223

Problems225

References226

Chapter 6 Steel231

6.1 Classification231

6.2 The manufacture and strengthening of steel232

6.2.1 Cold and hot working233

6.2.2 Heat treatment234

6.2.3 Surface treatment235

6.3 Structure and properties of steel236

6.3.1 Structure of steel236

6.3.2 Mechanical properties of steel236

6.3.3 Relationship of steel properties to composition and manufacturing process239

6.3.4 Effect of alloying elements242

6.3.5 Failure of steel under multiaxial stress243

6.4 Steel welding and associated problems245

6.4.1 Embrittlement due to martensite formation245

6.4.2 Lamellar tearing246

6.5 Corrosion protection of steel247

6.5.1 Mechanisms of steel corrosion247

6.5.2 Corrosion protection with paint/coatings248

6.5.3 Cathodic protection248

6.5.4 Designs to minimize the potential of corrosion249

6.6 Application and recycling of steel250

6.6.1 Application250

6.6.2 Recycling250

Discussion topics251

Problems251

References253

Chapter 7 Fiber reinforced polymer composites254

7.1 Introduction254

7.2 Advantages of fiber reinforced composite and general applications254

7.3 Raw materials and processing techniques256

7.3.1 Polymer matrix256

7.3.2 Fibers257

7.3.3 Processing of fiber reinforced polymeric composites259

7.4 Behavior of aligned continuous fiber composites260

7.4.1 Elastic properties261

7.4.2 Micromechanical equations for the elastic properties263

7.4.3 Composite strength264

7.5 Application of fiber reinforced composites in civil engineering265

7.5.1 Glass fiber reinforced polymer bars for concrete structures265

7.5.2 Strengthening of concrete structures with carbon fiber reinforced polymer267

7.5.3 Fiber reinforced polymer components for buildings and bridges269

Discussion topics271

Problems272

References272

Chapter 8 Wood273

8.1 Introduction273

8.2 Structure of wood274

8.3 Properties of wood276

8.3.1 Physical properties276

8.3.2 Elastic properties277

8.3.3 Strength and toughness of wood278

8.3.4 Time dependency of wood properties280

8.3.5 Behavior of wood in a fire281

8.4 Grading of wood281

8.5 Wood products282

8.6 Wood degradation and protection284

Discussion topics284

References285

Chapter 9 Pavement materials286

9.1 Introduction286

9.1.1 Pavement types286

9.1.2 Bitumen materials288

9.1.3 Quality control of underlying soil（subgrade）289

9.2 Petroleum asphalt290

9.2.1 Original asphalt290

9.2.2 Modified asphalt using polymers291

9.3 Asphalt concrete293

9.4 Testing of asphalt properties295

9.5 Design of asphalt mixture295

Discussion topics299

References299

Chapter 10 Major non-structural materials300

10.1 Partitions300

10.1.1 Brick partitions300

10.1.2 Glass partitions301

10.1.3 Concrete partitions301

10.1.4 Fibre cement sheet partitions302

10.1.5 Timber partitions303

10.2 Decoration materials303

10.2.1 Coatings303

10.2.2 Paint304

10.2.3 Tiles304

10.2.3.1 Roof tiles305

10.2.3.2 Floor tiles305

10.2.3.3 Ceiling tiles306

10.2.4 Glass306

10.2.4.1 Glass composition306

10.2.4.2 Color of glass307

10.3 Function materials307

10.3.1 Waterproofing307

10.3.2 Fireproofing308

10.3.3 Soundproofing309

10.3.4 Building insulation materials310

10.3.4.1 Spray foam insulation311

10.3.4.2 Insulating concrete forms311

10.3.4.3 Rigid panels312

10.3.4.4 Batts313

10.3.4.5 Loose-fill insulation313

10.3.4.6 Aerogels314

10.3.4.7 Straw bales315

10.3.5 Sealants316

Discussion topics317

References317

Construction Materials Laboratory319

Laboratory Ⅰ:Aggregate319

Laboratory Ⅱ:Cement323

Laboratory Ⅲ:Fresh concrete327

Laboratory Ⅳ:Testing methods of mechanical properties of ordinary concrete（GB/T 50081—2002）329

Laboratory Ⅴ:Two demo tests331

Laboratory Ⅵ:Hardened concrete tests（28 day properties）334

Laboratory Ⅶ:Non-contact resistivity measurement:a demonstration338

Index340