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1 Theoretical Issues Raised by the Privity Question&Peter Kincaid1

Private or Public Justice1

Flexible v.Formal Reasoning2

Pragmatism v.Principle3

Nature and Source of a Third-Party Right4

Rights and Duties：the Question of Focus5

Remedies6

2 Summaries of Essays&Peter Kincaid7

Chapter 3：Robert Flarmigan，“Privity-The End of an Era (Error)”7

Chapter 49

(Part A)：Peter Kincaid，“Privity and Private Justice in Contract”9

(Part B)：Peter Kincaid，“Privity Reform in England”10

Chapter 5：Sir Anthony Mason，“Privity-A Rule in Search of Decent Burial？”11

Chapter 6：Catherine Mitchell，“Searching for the Principles behind Privity Reform”13

Chapter 7：Roger Brownsword and Dale Hutchison，“Beyond Promissory Principle and Protective Pragmatism”14

Chapter 8：Stephen A.Smith，“Contracts for the Benefit of Third Parties：in Defence of the Third-Party Rule”16

Chapter 9：Melvin Aron Eisenberg，“The Third-Party Beneficiary Principle”18

Chapter 10：John Gava，“Is Privity Worth Defending？”19

Chapter 11：John Swan，“The Rights of Third Parties to Contracts：A Suggested Basis for Recognition”20

Chapter 12：Simon Whittaker，“Reciprocity Beyond Privity”22

Chapter 13：J.L.R. Davis，“Privity and Exclusion Clauses”24

Chapter 14：Anthony Jon Waters，“Privity，Property，and Pragmatism”26

3 Privity-The End of an Era (Error)28

Robert Flannigan29

The Early Cases29

Privity or Consideration？32

The Entrenchment of the Doctrine of Privity34

The Modem Cases38

Privity Pro and Con40

Privity and Contract Theory48

Conclusion59

4a Privity and Private Justice in Contract60

Peter Kincaid60

Introduction60

The Law Commission’s Proposals61

The Law Commission’s Justifications63

Issues Raised by Justifications71

Conclusion80

4b Privity Reform in England&&Peter Kincaid82

5 Privity-A Rule in Search of Decent Burial？&Sir Anthony Mason88

The Nature of the Privity Rule88

The Purpose of the Privity Rule88

Suggested Justifications for the Rule91

The Rule is not Accepted or has been Modified Elsewhere93

The Justification for Departing from the Rule94

Other Reasons for Departing from the Rule95

Trust of the Third-Party Promise97

Complexity，Artificiality and Uncertainty97

Adverse Consequences for Commercial Activities98

Criticisms of the Case for Departing from the Rule98

Other Criticisms of Reform100

Conditions According to which Third-Party Enforcement is Permitted102

Conclusion103

6 Searching for the Principles Behind Privity Reform&Catherine Mitchell104

Introduction104

The Proposals for Reform108

The Law Commission Proposals and the Orthodox Account of Contractual Obligation109

Can the Orthodox Account Justify Third-Party Rights in Contract？114

The Crystallisation Test120

The Law Commission and the Modem Account of Contractual Obligations121

Conclusion124

7 Beyond Promissory Principle and Protective Pragmatism&Roger Brownsword and Dale Hutchison126

1. Introduction126

2. From Bilateral to Trilateral Promissory Situations128

3. The South African Regime132

4. The New English Regime142

5. Conclusion145

8 In Defence of the Third-Party Rule&Stephen A.Smith147

1. The Third-Party Rule Defined and Defended148

2. The Real Problems in Privity Cases155

3. The Law Commission’s Reform Proposals166

4. Conclusion170

9 The Third-Party Beneficiary Principle&Melvin Aron Eisenberg172

Introduction172

1. The Principle Governing Enforceability of Contracts by Third-Party Beneficiaries173

2. Some Recurring Third-Party-Beneficiary Categories185

Conclusion198

10 Is Privity Worth Defending？&John Gava199

Functionalism and Contract201

Functionalism and Legal History203

Contract in the Marketplace209

Can Judges be Good Functionalists？215

Contract as Part of the Common Law Constitutional Heritage222

Does it Matter that Contract does not Matter？226

Contract and Turbo-Capitalism229

Conclusion232

11 The Rights of Third Parties to Contracts：A Suggested Basis for Recognition&John Swan233

1. Introduction233

2. The Practical Pattern235

3. A Principle for Recognition？246

4. Conclusion257

12 Reciprocity Beyond Privity&Simon Whittaker259

1. Leasehold Covenants263

2. Transferring Contracts of Employment265

3. Undisclosed Principals269

4. Package Holidays271

5. The Death of the Parties：Privity and Personal Representatives273

6. Freehold Covenants274

7. A General Principle of Benefit and Burden Beyond Privity？277

Conclusion281

13 Privity and Exclusion Clauses&J.L.R. Davis284

Introduction284

The Benefit of an Exclusion Clause285

The Burden of an Exclusion Clause302

Conclusion307

14 Privity，Property，and Pragmatism&Anthony Jon Waters309

1. The History of the American Rule310

2. Why the Need for a General Rule？318

3. Can a Fuzzy Set of Reasons Constitute a Coherent Concoction？And Does It Matter？320

4. Public and Private325

5. The Nature of Contract327

Conclusion331

Appendix：Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999337

Bibliography343

Cases351

Statutes359

Index360