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1. Introduction&COSMO GRAHAM1

1. The New Economy and its Characteristics2

2. Potential Problems for Competition Policy4

A. Predation6

B. Tying and Bundling7

C. Intellectual Property Rights8

D. Collective Conduct8

E. Mergers9

3. Conclusions on Competition Policy9

4. Regulatory Questions10

5. Subsequent Chapters12

2. Article 82 EC and New Economy Markets&GIORGIO MONTI17

1. Competing Perspectives of New Economy Markets18

A. Neo-structuralism18

B. Neo-Schumpeterianism22

C. The Response of the Authorities24

2. Relevant Market Analysis24

A. On-Line Music25

B. Top-Level Internet Service Providers28

C. Structuralism Prevails31

3. Dominance31

A. The Traditional Test： Market Shares Plus Entry Barriers32

B. Neo-Schumpeterian Definitions of Dominance33

4. Abuse36

A. Protecting One’s Dominant Position36

B. Obligations to Co-operate with Competitors41

C. Extending Dominance45

5. An Innovation Defence？47

6. Remedies50

7. Conclusion53

3. Abuse of a Dominant Position and Intellectual Property Rights： A Suggestion to Reconcile the Community Courts’ Case Law&ESTELLE DERCLAYE55

1. Confusion in the Case Law56

A. The Factual Background of the Case57

B. Conditions Required to Establish the Abuse59

2. An Illustration of the Confusion： The IMS Case61

A. The Factual Background of the Case61

B. The Decision of the Commission62

C. The Orders of the President of the Court of First Instance64

D. Comments64

3. How to Solve the Dilemma： A Suggestion65

A. Argument66

B. A Few Other Corroborating Arguments73

4. Conclusion74

4. B2B E-Marketplaces： A New Challenge to Existing Competition Law Rules？&JOACHIM LUCKING77

1. B2B E-Marketplaces： Technical and Commercial Developments77

2. Regulatory Responses79

3. The Legal Assessment of B2B E-Marketplaces under EC Competition Law80

A. Legal Basis80

B. Market Definition81

C. Competition Issues83

D. Co-ordination Effects83

E. Market Dominance and Foreclosure86

4. Best Practice Guidelines89

5. Conclusion90

5. Authorities， Competition and Electronic Communication： Towards Institutional Competition in the Information Society&PLG NIHOUL91

1. National Systems Replaced by a European Organisation92

A. First Stage of the Reform92

B. The 1987 Green Paper93

C. What Legal Basis？94

D. An Institutional Provision95

E. Modification of the Rapport de Forces96

F. Legislative Power97

2. The Debate Between Harmonisation and Liberalisation99

A. Second Stage of the Reform99

B. Rules Adopted by the Commission99

C. New Interpretation of Competition Law100

D. Harmonisation Process101

E. Harmonisation Directives101

D. Two Categories of Rules103

G. Contradictions104

3. Conflict at National Level106

A. Third Stage of the Reform106

B. National Regulatory Authorities （NRAs）107

C. National Competition Authorities （NCAs）108

D. National Courts109

4. Convergence from an Institutional Point of View109

A. Fourth Stage of Development109

B. Illustration110

5. An Institutional Interpretation of the Reform111

A. Conflict and Competition Among Authorities111

B. The Process of Regulatory Competition112

C. Institutional Competition in Electronic Communications114

D. Competition Among Authorities Within the Same Legal Order115

E. Expanding the Line of Business116

6. What Can We Learn About the Future？119

A. More Competition among Authorities119

B. First Difficulty： Regulation Not an Ordinary Good120

C. Solution： Competition Within a Given Framework120

D. Second Difficulty： Legal Certainty and Predictability121

E. Place of Unity in Society and the Legal System122

F. Conformity with an Information and Communication Based Society？123

6. Controlling the New Media：Hybrid Responses to New Forms of Power&ANDREW MURRAY AND COLIN SCOTT126

1. New Media and the Problems of Effective Control128

A. The Regulatory Arbitrage Problem128

B. The Anonymity Problem130

C. The Scarce Resources Problem132

2. Extending the ‘Modalities of Regulation’ Analysis136

3. Putting Controls to Work143

A. Hierarchy/Community143

B. Hierarchy/Competition146

C. Hierarchy， Competition and Design150

D. Other Forms of Control152

E. Excluding Hierarchy156

4. Conclusion156

7. Regulating E-Commerce in the WTO：Exploring the Classification Issue&FIONA SMITH159

1. Background162

2. Defining E-Commerce167

3. Applying GATT and GATS to E-Commerce： Is E-Commerce Trade in Goods or Services？172

A. GATT173

B. GATS175

4. Conclusion183

8. Public Services in the New Economy&ERIKA SZYSZCZAK185

1. The Provision of Public Services185

2. The Political Economy of State Intervention187

3. Challenges to the Provision of Public Services189

4. The Challenge to State Autonomy191

5. Hybridisation194

6. The Provision of Public Services by Non-State Actors199

A. Economic Regulation202

B. Market Power and Special Responsibility203

7. Conclusion205