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GENERAL PART7

1.Terminology and Scope7

1.Choice of law and jurisdiction7

2-1.Conflict of laws" and "private international law8

2-2.Interterritorial and intertemporal conflicts10

3.Datum and rule of decision11

4.2.History12

a.The European Continent15

5-1.Statutism15

5-2.Comity16

5-3.From vested rights to modern pluralism17

b.England and the United States19

6-1.Lex fori19

6-2.Joseph Story20

6-3."Vested rights": Dicey and Beale21

7."Local law"22

8-1.3.Current Doctrine24

a."Revolution"25

8-2."Justice"25

8-3.Cavers: Principles of Preference26

8-4.The Second Restatement: The "most significant relationship"26

8-5.Currie: "Governmental interests"28

8-6.Von Mehren and Trautman: "Functional approach"31

8-7.Weintraub: "Functional" analysis32

b."Counter-revolution"33

8-8.Leflar: Choice-influencing considerations33

8-9.Rheinstein: Problem selection34

8-10.c.The courts35

4.Sources39

a.Choice and non-choice39

9-1.(1) Forum rule by non-choice: selfassertion and self-delimitation39

(2) Choice of foreign law by formulated rules40

9-2.Civil-law codes40

9-3.Common-law legislation41

9-4.Precedent42

9-5.(3) Choice under inchoate rules44

(4) Choice by interpreting forum policy45

9-6."Theory"45

9-7."Relevance"46

9-8.The "better rule"?47

9-9.(5) Forum rule as residuary48

(6) The author's so-called "lex-fori approach" defended48

9-10.General critique48

9-11.Forum shopping50

b.International law52

10-1.Treaties52

10-2.Customary law53

c.National law53

11-1.(1) International conflicts53

11-2.(2) "Federal fields"55

11-3.Federal common law56

11-4."General maritime law"56

12-1.(3) Constitution57

12-2.Due Process58

(a) Negative application58

12-3.(b) Affirmative application59

13-1.Full Faith and Credit60

(a) In general60

13-2.(b) Statutes of limitations62

13-3.(c) Wrongful death statutes63

13-4.(d) Workmen's compensation acts64

13-5.(e) Conclusions64

d.State law65

14-1.Klaxon doctrine65

14-2.Legislation66

5.The "Structure" of Choice of Law Rules67

15-1.Traditional devices67

15-2."False conflicts"68

a.Characterization70

16-1.Contract or tort70

16-2."Legal ideas" or "gimmicks"71

16-3.Interpretation72

16-4.Lex fori or lex causae?73

16-5.Preliminary (incidental) question74

17-1.b.Renvoi75

17-2.Theory75

17-3.Practice76

17-4.Rationale78

c.Public policy79

18-1.In general79

18-2.Penal laws and taxes80

18-3.Filling the gap82

18-4.Fraud on the law82

6.Choice of Forum Law83

a.Procedural characterization83

19-1.Original use83

19-2.Extended use84

19-3.Future use84

19-4.Deficiency judgments86

20-1.b.Recognition of judgments (an excursus)87

(1) Extranational judgments87

20-2.Judicial acts87

20-3.Administrative acts89

20-4.Extralitigious proceedings90

(2) Sister state judgments90

20-5.Judicial acts90

20-6.Administrative acts91

c.Statute of limitations92

(1) Favor rei"92

21-1.Shorter forum statute92

21-2.Shorter foreign statute92

21-3.(2) "Favor actoris" (the longer statute)94

22-1.d."Moral data" (non-choice)95

22-2.(1) Negligence95

(2) Restitution97

22-3.The concept97

22-4.Lex causae?98

22-5.Lex fori99

22-6.Exceptions?99

(3) Equitable defenses100

22-7."Unclean hands"100

22-8.Estoppel101

22-9.Fraud101

22-10.Corporate veil102

7.Finding the Foreign Law103

a.Theory103

23-1.Vested rights103

23-2.Law or fact103

b.Failure to plead104

24-1.Party agreement104

24-2.Ex-officio application105

c.Failure of proof107

25-1.Judicial notice107

25-2.Other solutions107

25-3.d.Mechanics109

PERSONS110

1.Natural Persons in General110

a.Status and its incidents110

26-1.History110

26-2."Public law" status-arriage111

26-3.Non-status-adoption113

26-4.The future of "status"114

b.The "personal law"115

27.Nationality and domicile115

28.The concept of domicile116

29.c.Capacity118

2.Domestic Relations119

a.Marriage119

(1) Agreements relating to marriage119

30-1.Engagement119

30-2.Anti-marriage and divorce stipulations119

30-3.Antenuptial and postnuptial agreements120

(2) Validity of marriage121

31-1.Valid under law of celebration121

31-2.Invalid under law of celebration124

31-3.Two marriages125

b.Children and parents127

32.(1) Legitimacy by birth127

(2) Legitimation128

33-1.In general128

33-2.Subsequent matrimony128

34.Acknowledgment129

35.Attempted marriage131

36.(3) Illegitimacy132

37.(4) Adoption133

c.Family support (URESA)135

38-1.Defendant's law135

38-2.Plaintiffs law136

38-3.A better law?137

3."Juristic Persons?138

39.a.Personality138

40.b.Personal law139

41.c.Capacity141

d.The members142

42-1.Members inter se; transfer of membership142

42-2.Members and the corporation143

43.Members and third parties144

44.e.Partnerships145

45.f.Regulatory measures146

CONTRACTS147

46-1.1.General Analysis147

a.Express stipulation: professio juris147

46-2.General rule147

46-3.Limitation?149

b.Adhesion contracts150

47-1.Professio juris150

47-2.In general梐n excursus152

c.Third parties153

(1) Agency153

48-1.Actual authority153

48-2.Apparent authority154

49.(2) Third party beneficiaries156

50.(3) Assignment157

51.(4) Subrogation158

52-1.2.Validity159

52-2.a.Europe160

b.United States161

53-1.Party autonomy161

53-2.Vested rights161

53-3."Most significant relationship"163

53-4.Lex fori164

54.Presumption of validity165

c.Phases of the validity problem167

(1) Form requirements167

55-1."Imperative rules"167

55-2.Validation168

55-3.Invalidation170

55-4."Interests" and "the most significant relationship"171

56-1.(2) Capacity to contract172

56-2.Married women174

56-3.Infants175

(3) Formation of the contract177

57-1.Sufficiency of consideration177

57-2.Offer and Acceptance177

(4) Legality178

58-1.Presumption of validity178

58-2.Invalidation under forum law179

58-3.Invalidation under foreign law179

59.Usury in particular181

3."Performance" ？183

60.a.Introduction183

b.Interpretation and construction184

61-1.Interpretation184

61-2.Construction185

62-1.c.Discharge186

62-2.Performance186

62-3.Release187

62-4.Operation of law187

63-1.d.Breach188

63-2.Implied warranties188

63-3.Requirement of notice189

63-4.Statute of limitations190

63-5.Specific performance190

64.Damages191

65.Interest193

4.Particular Contracts194

a.Insurance194

(1) Life, accident, and fire insurance194

66-1.Professio juris194

66-2.Lex fori against imperative formulas194

66-3.Location of the risk195

(2) Casualty insurance196

67-1.The dilemma196

67-2.Interspousal immunity197

67-3.Direct actions198

68.b.Suretyship200

c.Employment202

69-1.(1) Validity202

(2) "Master and servant"202

69-2."Right to work"202

69-3.Wages203

69-4.Pre-tort release204

70.Workmen's compensation204

(3) Principal and agent206

71-1.Real estate brokers206

71-2.Other agents207

72.d.Transportation208

73.e.Procedural agreements210

74.f.Arbitration210

75.An excursus: Court argument and bar examination211

TORTS213

1.History and Doctrine213

76-1.a.From lex fori to lex loci213

76-2.b.From place of conduct to place of harm215

c.New formulas?216

76-3.The need216

76-4.Adherence217

76-5.Rejection218

76-6.d.The law219

2.General Principles220

77-1.a.Classification by issues (depe？age)220

77-2.(1) Damages in general221

77-3.Periodic payments222

77-4.Loss of consortium222

(2) Limitation on wrongful death damages223

77-5.Exit the limiting lex loci223

77-6.Exit the limiting lex fori227

77-7.Interpretation of the forum statute228

77-8.Insurability in particular229

77-9.Forum shopping230

78-1.(3) Survival of action and standing to sue230

(4) Re-allocation of the loss231

78-2.Release of co-tortfeasors231

78-3."Splitting" the cause of action232

78-4.Contribution between tortfeasors232

78-5.Fellow servant rule233

78-6.(5) Punitive damages234

79.b.Classification by torts: admonition versus compensation234

3.Intentional Torts and Other Moral "Wrongs"237

80-1.a.Family relations237

b.Personal injury238

80-2.Assault and battery238

80-3.Dram Shop Acts238

80-4.Moral negligence239

c.Property240

80-5.Fraud240

80-6.Abuse of process241

80-7.Conversion and trespass242

80-8.Insurers' liability243

d.Trade244

81-1.Antitrust244

81-2.Securities regulations244

82.Unfair competition and trademarks245

e.Reputation246

83-1.Individual defamation246

83-2.Mass (multistate) defamation247

83-3.Lex causae? (herein of statutes of limitation)248

83-4.Lex fori?248

83-5.What now?249

83-6.f.Invasion of privacy249

84.4.Accidents (Enterprise Liability)250

a.Traffic accidents251

(1) Negligence251

85-1.Cause of action251

85-2.Contributory negligence253

(2) Third party liability253

86-1.The Scheer rule253

87-1.Vicarious liability in general255

87-2.The automobile owner in particular256

88.Community property258

89-1.(3) Guest statutes258

89-2.The "revolution"259

89-3.Retreat?262

89-4.Advance?263

(4) Immunities265

90-1.Family265

90-2.Charities266

b.Products liability267

91-1.Forum law?267

91-2.Foreign law?269

91-3.Plaintiffs choice?270

c.Other accident liabilities270

92.Dog-bites270

93.Blasting and other ultra-hazardous activities271

94.Malpractice272

95.d.Outlook273

PROPERTY274

1.Land (Immovables)274

a.In general274

96-1.The lex situs274

96-2.Renvoi275

96-3.Terminology276

97.b.Title to land (conveyances)276

c.Land contracts277

98-1.Validity277

98-2.Other questions279

98-3.d.Leases280

98-4.e.Liens280

2.Chattels281

a.Lex situs, personal law, and lex actus281

99-1.History281

99-2.Analysis282

b.Derivative acquisition (transfer)283

100-1.Validity283

100-2.Repossession285

c.Original acquisition (bona fide purchase)286

101-1.Introduction286

101-2.Automobiles287

102.Other chattels290

3.Intangibles292

a.In general292

103-1.Lex situs292

103-2.Other formulas292

b.Negotiable instruments293

104.Unification?293

105-1.Contractual obligations294

105-2.Property rights296

106.A better law?296

c.Assignments297

107-1.Validity297

107-2.Assignability298

107-3.Successive assignments299

d.Living trusts300

108-1.Validity300

108-2.Administration301

108-3."Construction"303

4.Marital Property304

a.In general304

109-1.Prior titles304

109-2.Full mutability304

109-3.Partial mutability305

110.b.Immovables306

111.c.Movables307

SUCCESSION309

1.General Problems309

112-1.Situs and domicile309

112-2.Movables and immovables310

113.2.Immovables311

a.Intestate succession312

114-1."Status" and succession312

114-2.Against the "land taboo"?313

b.Testate succession314

115-1.Validity314

115-2.Other questions315

116.c.Anti-testate succession316

3.Movables317

117.a.Intestate succession317

b.Testate succession318

(1) Validity318

118-1.Formal validity318

118-2.Capacity318

119-1.Charitable bequests319

119-2.Other questions of validity320

120-1.(2) Interpretation and construction320

120-2.(3) Revocation321

121.c.Anti-testate succession323

122.d.Administration324

123.THE NUTSHELL "IN A NUTSHELL"325

Table of Cases337

Index375