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MEASUREMENT IN FLUID MECHANICSPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

MEASUREMENT IN FLUID MECHANICS
  • STAVROS TAVOULARIS 著
  • 出版社： CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
  • ISBN：
  • 出版时间：2005
  • 标注页数：354页
  • 文件大小：202MB
  • 文件页数：367页
  • 主题词：

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图书目录

PART ONE GENERAL CONCEPTS3

1 Flow properties and basic principles3

1.1 Forces，stresses，and the continuum hypothesis3

1.2 Measurable properties4

1.3 Flow velocity and velocity fields5

1.4 Analytical description of flows7

1.5 The choice of analytical approach8

1.6 Similarity11

1.7 Patterns of fluid motion16

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS17

REFERENCES18

2 Measuring systems19

2.1 Measuring systems and their components19

2.2 Static response of measuring systems23

2.3 Dynamic response of measuring systems31

2.4 Distortion，loading，and cross-talk40

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS41

REFERENCES43

3 Measurement uncertainty45

3.1 Measurement errors45

3.2 Measurement uncertainty47

3.3 Uncertainty of derived properties48

3.4 Rounding of reported values51

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS53

REFERENCES54

4 Signal conditioning，discretization，and analysis55

4.1 Fundamentals of electric and electronic circuits55

4.2 Analogue signal conditioning63

4.3 Discretization of analogue signals68

4.4 Statistical analysis of signals74

4.5 Frequency analysis of signals84

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS94

REFERENCES95

5 Background for optical experimentation98

5.1 The nature of light98

5.2 Light propagation through media101

5.3 Illumination107

5.4 Light scattering123

5.5 Light transmission，sensing，and recording128

5.6 Characteristics of seeding particles132

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS142

REFERENCES144

6 Fluid mechanical apparatus147

6.1 Producing the desired flow147

6.2 Changing the flow area148

6.3 Flow management151

6.4 Wind tunnels154

6.5 Water tunnels and towing tanks157

6.6 Turbulence and shear generation159

6.7 Model testing163

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS165

REFERENCES165

7 Towards a sound experiment169

7.1 Planning the experiment169

7.2 Safety170

7.3 Qualitative assessment170

7.4 Record keeping174

7.5 Scientific ethics175

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS176

REFERENCE176

PART TWO MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES179

8 Measurement of flow pressure179

8.1 What exactly is pressure？179

8.2 Pressure-measuring instrumentation180

8.3 Wall-pressure measurement188

8.4 In-flow pressure measurement193

8.5 Dynamic response and testing of pressure-measuring systems200

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS203

REFERENCES205

9 Measurement of flow rate208

9.1 Direct methods208

9.2 Positive-displacement flow meters209

9.3 Venturi，nozzle，and orifice-plate flow meters211

9.4 Open-channel flow measurement212

9.5 Averaging Pitot tubes213

9.6 Laminar flow elements213

9.7 Rotameters214

9.8 Vortex-shedding flow meters214

9.9 Drag flow meters215

9.10 Turbine flow meters215

9.11 Ultrasonic flow meters216

9.12 Electromagnetic flow meters217

9.13 Coriolis flow meters217

9.14 Thermal-mass flow meters218

9.15 Selection of flow meter219

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS219

REFERENCES220

10 Flow visualization techniques221

10.1 Overview221

10.2 Marker techniques222

10.3 Optical techniques231

10.4 Radiation emission techniques242

10.5 Enhancement of flow visualization records243

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS244

REFERENCES246

11 Measurement of local flow velocity249

11.1 Thermal anemometry249

11.2 Laser Doppler velocimetry264

11.3 Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry274

11.4 Particle displacement methods275

11.5 Measurement of wind velocity282

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS284

REFERENCES287

12 Measurement of temperature290

12.1 A practical temperature scale290

12.2 Thermometers291

12.3 Dynamic response of thermometers296

12.4 Thermochromic materials299

12.5 Radiation emission methods301

12.6 Optical techniques304

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS304

REFERENCES305

13 Measurement of composition307

13.1 Sample analysis307

13.2 Thermal probes310

13.3 Electric conductivity probes311

13.4 Light-scattering methods312

13.5 Laser-induced fluorescence316

13.6 Particulate measurement318

13.7 Void measurement321

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS323

REFERENCES324

14 Measurement of wall shear stress328

14.1 Estimates from measured velocity profiles328

14.2 Estimates from pressure differences332

14.3 Floating-element balances335

14.4 Thermal techniques336

14.5 Electrochemical method338

14.6 Optical techniques339

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS342

REFERENCES343

15 Outlook345

Index349

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