Biological Reactions Caused By Electric Currents and By X-RaysPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

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Part Ⅰ．General Introduction and Essentials1

Ⅰ．ON ANALOGIES3

Ⅱ．A HYPOTHETICAL EQUATION OF METABOLISM9

1．Introduction9

2．The organization of Life10

3．A generalized conception of metabolism11

4．The mathematical formulation of certain processes of metabolism13

Ⅲ．SOME GENERAL PROPERTIES18

Part Ⅱ．Electrical Excitation of the Nerve23

Ⅰ．INTRODUCTION，SUPPLEMENTARY HYPOTHESES，AND DEFINITIONS25

1．The existing theories25

2．The basis of a new theory28

3．The origin of the Physical Electrotonus30

4．The Physiological Electrotonus33

5．The condition for excitation35

6．The two possibilities:τ1 > τ2 and τ1 < τ235

Ⅱ．THE CASE τ1 > τ236

a．Electrotonic complications will not occur (c1 = c2;c3 = c4)37

1．Constant current of short duration which causes no excitation37

2．Constant current of infinitely long duration which causes no excitation39

3．Rectangular current-pulse eliciting excitation．＂Make-excitation＂41

4．Influence of various factors on the magnitudes introduced43

5．Condenser-discharge44

6．Exponentially rising currents48

7．Linearly rising currents55

8．＂Break-excitation＂55

9．Gap in a constant current61

10．Alternating current64

11．Excitability68

12．The experiments of Erlanger and Blair70

13．The＂état d＇excitation＂after a short current-pulse72

14．Changes of the Rheobase after accomodation73

b．The influence of the Physiological Electrotonus (c1 > c2，c3 > c4)77

1．The general equation77

2．Cases in which the Physiological Electrotonus has no influence78

3．Subliminal constant current of finite duration79

4．Subliminal constant current of infinitely long duration．Pflüger＇s scheme79

5．Chweitzer＇s scheme81

6．Exponentially rising currents83

Ⅲ．THE CASE τ1 < τ286

a．Electrotonic complications will not occur (c1 = c2，c3 = c4)87

1．The reduced equations87

2．Constant direct current of short duration88

3．Constant current of infinitely long duration，which does not excite89

4．Make-excitation91

5．Condenser-discharge94

6．The other cases99

7．Excitability100

8．Changes of the Rheobase after accomodation100

b．The influence of the Physiological Electrotonus (c1 < c2，c3 < c4)101

1．The general equation101

2．Cases in which the Physiological Electrotonus has no influence101

3．The schemes of Pflüger and Chweitzer102

Ⅳ．CRITICISM AND EXTENSION103

1．The quantitative discrepancies103

2．The generalized equations105

3．The＂état d＇excitation＂with constant current110

4．The Constant Quantity Relation115

5．Exponentially rising currents117

6．Chweitzer＇s Scheme120

Ⅴ．SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS123

Part Ⅲ．Biological Reactions caused by X-and γ-Rays131

Ⅰ．INTRODUCTION133

1．General aspects of the problems133

2．The primum movens134

3．The potency of recovery．Sievert＇s theory136

Ⅱ．METABOLISM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF X-RAYS139

1．Hypotheses to be used139

2．The limited applicability of the general equations142

Ⅲ．THE EXPERIMENTS OF A．FORSSBERG145

1．Results of the experiments145

2．The second series of observations and the theory148

3．Comparison of the theory with the observed properties of the reactions150

Ⅳ．OTHER REACTIONS156

1．Reversible changes156

2．Irreversible changes．The Radiobase159

3．The limited applicability of the proposes equation of metabolism161

Ⅴ．THE TIME-FACTOR164

1．Schwarzschild＇s law164

2．The cumulative dosage170

Ⅵ．RELATIONSHIP TO THE HIT-THEORY171

Ⅶ．A HYDRAULIC MODEL176

Ⅷ．POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF X-RAY THERAPY178

1．Problems and technique178

2．Can the theory be of use in therapy?179

3．Some applications of the theory181

4．Possibility of a method with creeping-up dosage181

Ⅸ．SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS185

EPILOGUE192

LIST OF AUTHORS MENTIONED195

AUTHOR INDEX198

SUBJECT INDEX200