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Part 1 Grid Computing1

CHAPTER1 Introduction3

Early Grid Activities6

Data6

Computation7

Computational and Data Grids7

Current Grid Activities9

An Overview of Grid Business Areas12

Life Sciences13

Financial Analysis and Services14

Research Collaboration14

Engineering and Design15

Collaborative Games15

Govemment16

Grid Applications16

Schedulers16

Resource Broker17

Load Balancing18

Grid Portals18

Integrated Solutions19

Grid Infrastructure19

Conclusion23

Notes24

Part 2 Grid Computing Worldwide Initiatives25

CHAPTER 2 Grid Computing Organizations and Their Roles27

Organizations Developing Grid Standards and Best Practice Guidelines28

Global Grid Forum(GGF)29

Organizations Developing Grid Computing Toolkits and the Framework30

Globus30

Legion31

Condor and Condor-G34

Nimrod35

UNICORE(UNiform Interface to COmputer REsource)37

NSF Middleware Initiative(NMI)37

Organizations Building and Using Grid-Based Solutions to Solve Computing,Data,and Network Requirements38

United States Department of Energy:Science Grid(DOE)38

European Union:EUROGRID Project39

European Union:Data Grid Project40

TeraGrid42

NASA Information Power Grid(IPG)43

Commercial Organizations Building and Using Grid-Based Solutions45

Notes45

CHAPTER 3 The Grid Computing Anatomy47

The Grid Problem48

The Concept of Virtual Organizations48

Grid Architecture50

Grid Architecture and Relationship to Other Distributed Technologies55

Summary57

Notes57

CHAPTER 4 The Grid Computing Road Map59

Autonomic Computing60

Business On Demand and Infrastructure Virtualization61

Service-Oriented Architecture and Grid63

Semantic Grids66

Summary68

Notes68

Part 3 The New Generation of Grid Computing Applications69

CHAPTER 5 Merging the Grid Services Architecture with the Web Services Architecture71

Service-Oriented Architecture72

Web Service Architecture74

XML,Related Technologies,and Their Relevance to Web Services75

XML Messages and Enveloping75

SOAP76

The SOAP Processing Model78

SOAP Features78

Message Exchange Pattern79

SOAP Modules80

Service Message Description Mechanisms80

Web Service Description Language(WSDL)81

The Global XML Architecture Vision86

Service Policy88

Policy Expressions and Assertions89

Security91

Attaining Message integrity95

Some High-Level GXA Security Standards100

Addressing(WS-Addressing)101

Relationship between Web Service and Grid Service103

Interaction Aware State Information105

Application Aware State Information105

Web Service Interoperability and the Role of the WS-I Organization107

Introduction to Basic Profile Guidelines107

Some Details on the Basic Profile,with Samples108

WSDL Document Structure109

Notes112

Part 4 The Grid Computing Technological Viewpoints115

CHAPTER 6 Open Grid Services Architecture(OGSA)117

Introduction117

OGSA Architecture and Goal118

CHAPTER 7 Some Sample Use Cases that Drive the OGSA121

Commercial Data Center(CDC)122

Summary122

Customers/Providers(Actors)122

Scenarios122

Functional Requirements on OGSA123

National Fusion Collaboratory(NFS)123

Summaty123

Customers(Actors)124

Scenarios124

Functional Requirements on OGSA124

Online Media and Entertainment125

Summary125

Actors125

Scenarios125

Functional Requirements on OGSA126

Summary126

Note127

CHAPTER 8 The OGSA Platform Components129

Native Platform Services and Transport Mechanisms130

OGSA Hosting Environment130

Core Networking Services Transport and Security131

OGSA Infrastructure131

OGSA Basic Services131

Summary132

CHAPTER 9 Open Grid Services Infrastructure(OGSI)133

Introduction133

Grid Services133

A High-Level Introduction to OGSI136

Technical Details of OGSl Specification138

OGSI and Its Use of WSDL138

Significance of Transforming GWSDL to WSDL Definition140

Operator Overloading Support in OGSI Port Type141

Introduction to Service Data Concepts142

How to Declare Service Data with a portType143

Service Data Structure144

How Mutability Attributes Affect Service Data146

Types of Service Data Elements and Service Data Values146

The GWSDL portType Inheritance Afiects the Service Data147

Qualifying Service Data Element with Lifetime Attributes149

Summary on OGSI-Defined Service Data Concepts151

Grid Service:Naming and Change Management Recommendations151

Grid Service Instance Handles,References,and Usage Models152

Recommended GSR Encoding in WSDL153

Life Cycle ofa Grid Service Instance155

Service Lifecycle Management Using a Soft-State Approach155

Service Operation Extensibility Features of Grid Services156

Service Fault Handling in OGSI156

Grid Service Interfaces157

Inside the GridService portType160

Grid Service-Provided Service Data Query Capabilities:Syntax and Semantics160

Grid Service-Provided Service Data Update Capabilities:Syntax and Semantics162

Grid Service Factory Concepts164

Grid Service Hand le Resolution Concepts164

OGSI-Defined Grid Service Notification Framework165

Service Grouping Concepts in OGSI168

Membership Rules for a Service Group170

Service Entries in a Service Group171

ServiceGroup Entry172

A Simple Registry Utilizing the OGSI Service Group Concepts172

Grid Services and Client Programming Models175

Grid Services and Service Programming Model176

Summary177

Notes178

CHAPTER 10 OGSA Basic Services179

Common Management Model(CMM)179

Manageability Interfaces180

Domain-Specific Interfaces180

New Constructs for Resource Modeling181

CMM-Defined Manageability Interfaces181

Resource Modeling Concepts182

Resource Lifecycle Modeling183

Resource Grouping Concepts in CMM186

Relationship and Dependency among Resources188

Summary189

Service Domains189

Summary191

Policy Architecture191

Levels of Policy Abstraction193

A Sample Policy Service Framework194

Policy Service Interfaces195

WS-Policy Overview and Its Relation to OGSA Policy196

Summary196

Security Architecture196

OGSA Security Architecture198

Security Services200

Binding Security201

Policy Expression and Exchange201

Secure Association201

Identity and Credential Mapping/Translation202

Authorization Enforcement202

Privacy Enforcement202

Trust203

Core Security Services for OGSA203

Summary204

Metering and Accounting204

Metering Service Interface205

Rating Service Interface206

Accounting Service Interface206

Billing/Payment Service Interface206

Summary206

Common Distributed Logging206

Distributed Data Access and Replication208

Conceptual Model209

Service Implementation212

Summary213

Conclusion213

Notes213

Part 5 The Grid Computing Toolkits215

CHAPTER 11 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:Architecture217

GT3 Software Architecture Model218

Default Server-Side Framework219

Globus GT3 Architecture Details221

Grid Service Container222

OGSI Reference Implementation222

Security Infrastructure222

Transport-Level Security223

Message-Level Security223

Security Directions224

System-Level Services224

Hosting Environments225

Load Balancing Features in GT3225

Client-Side Framework225

Message Preprocessing Handlers227

Summary227

Note227

CHAPTER 12 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:Programming Model229

Introduction229

Service Programming Model229

Grid Service Behavior Implementation229

Operation Providers232

Factory Callback Mechanism236

Grid Service Lifecycle Callbacks and Lifecycle Management239

Service Activation241

Service Deactivation241

Service State Data Persistence Mechanisms242

GT3-Provided Service Types242

Grid Service Lifecycle Model243

GT3-Supported Programming Model for Service Data Management244

Creating Dynamic Service Data Elements247

Service Data from Service Annotation248

Service Data Query Support in GT3250

Custom Query Engines and Evaluators252

Service Data Change Notification254

Client Programming Model257

GT3 Tools259

Service and Client-Side artifacts261

GT3 Configuration262

GT3-Provided Default Implementation Classes264

Significance of Message Handlers in GT3265

JAX-RPC Handlers266

AXIS Handlers268

GT3 Security Implementation and Programming Model269

GT3 Security Handlers270

Internal Security Design Workflow Details275

WS-Security Handling276

Service Message Exchange Logging276

Other Important Elements in GT3278

Message Style and Encoding279

Type-Mapping and Serialization279

Summary280

CHAPTER 13 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:A Sample Implementation281

Acme Search Service Implementation in a Top-Down Approach282

Base Service Implementation282

Implementing Search Grid Service299

Grid Service Configuration300

Simple Client Implementation301

Advanced Grid Service313

Advanced Service Data Concepts313

Operation Providers318

Conclusion328

Notes328

CHAPTER 14 GLOBUS GT3 Toolkit:High-Level Services329

Introduction329

Resource Discovery and Monitoring329

Resource Allocation329

Data Management330

Information Services331

Component Model for Information Services332

Conclusion339

Index Services339

IndexService Information Model340

Functional Aspects of Index Service341

Index Service Configuration Model342

Monitoring and Discovery344

Summary344

Resource Information Provider Service345

Internal Operations of RIPS346

Summary347

Resource Management Services347

Two Aspects to the GRAM Architecture349

Resource Specification Language350

Summary351

Data Management Services351

Grid File Transfer Protocol(GridFTP)351

Reliable File Transfer(RFT)351

Replica Location Service(RLS)351

Summary351

Conclusion352

Note352

CHAPTER 15 OGSI.NET Middleware Solutions353

OGSI.NET Framework Implementation353

Architecture Overview354

Dispatcher355

Grid Service Wrapper355

Factory355

Message Handlers356

Security356

Persistence356

Programming Model356

Attribute-Based Programming356

OGSIPortTypeAttribute357

NotificationSourcePortType357

Configuration357

Summary358

Notes359

Glossary361

References367

Index369