半导体多层膜中的电子和声子 第2版 英文PDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载

半导体多层膜中的电子和声子 第2版 英文PDF格式电子书版下载

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Introduction1

1 Simple Models of the Electron-Phonon Interaction9

1.1 General Remarks9

1.2 Early Models of Optical-Phonon Confinement10

1.2.1 The Dielectric-Continuum（DC）Model11

1.2.2 The Hydrodynamic（HD）Model16

1.2.3 The Reformulated-Mode（RM）Model18

1.2.4 Hybrid Modes21

1.3 The Interaction of Electrons with Bulk Phonons22

1.3.1 The Scattering Rate22

1.3.2 The Coupling Coefficients24

1.3.3 The Overlap Integral in 2D27

1.3.4 The 2D Rates29

1.3.5 The 1D Rates34

1.4 The Interaction with Model Confined Phonons35

2 Quantum Confinement of Carriers42

2.1 The Effective-Mass Equation42

2.1.1 Introduction42

2.1.2 The Envelope-Function Equation44

2.1.3 The Local Approximation46

2.1.4 The Effective-Mass Approximation48

2.2 The Confinement of Electrons49

2.3 The Confinement of Holes53

2.4 Angular Dependence of Matrix Elements62

2.5 Non-Parabolicity64

2.6 Band-Mixing66

3 Quasi-Continuum Theory of Lattice Vibrations67

3.1 Introduction67

3.2 Linear-Chain Models69

3.2.1 Bulk Solutions69

3.2.2 Interface between Nearly Matched Media71

3.2.3 Interface between Mismatched Media75

3.2.4 Free Surface75

3.2.5 Summary76

3.3 The Envelope Function76

3.4 Non-Local Operators78

3.5 Acoustic and Optical Modes80

3.6 Boundary Conditions83

3.7 Interface Model85

3.8 Summary91

Appendix：The Local Approximation94

4 Bulk Vibrational Modes in an Isotropic Continuum97

4.1 Elasticity Theory97

4.2 Polar Material104

4.3 Polar Optical Waves105

4.4 Energy Density107

4.5 Two-Mode Alloys114

5 Optical Modes in a Quantum Well119

5.1 Non-Polar Material119

5.2 Polar Material122

5.3 Barrier Modes：Optical-Phonon Tunnelling127

5.4 The Effect of Dispersion137

5.5 Quantization of Hybrid Modes137

6 Superlattice Modes141

6.1 Superlattice Hybrids141

6.2 Superlattice Dispersion144

6.3 General Features148

6.4 Interface Polaritons in a Superlattice154

6.5 The Role of LO and TO Dispersion155

6.6 Acoustic Phonons157

7 Optical Modes in Various Structures160

7.1 Introduction160

7.2 Monolayers160

7.2.1 Single Monolayer162

7.2.2 Double Monolayer166

7.3 Metal-Semiconductor Structures170

7.4 Slab Modes173

7.5 Quantum Wires176

7.6 Quantum Dots181

8 Electron-Optical Phonon Interaction in a Quantum Well182

8.1 Introduction182

8.2 Scattering Rate183

8.3 Scattering Potentials for Hybrids184

8.4 Matrix Elements for an Indefinitely Deep Well185

8.5 Scattering Rates for Hybrids187

8.6 Threshold Rates189

8.7 Scattering by Barrier LO Modes192

8.8 Scattering by Interface Polaritons194

8.9 Summary of Threshold Rates in an Indefinitely Deep Well197

8.9.1 Intrasubband Rates197

8.9.2 Intersubband Rates198

8.10 Comparison with Simple Models199

8.11 The Interaction in a Superlattice202

8.12 The Interaction in an A1loy205

8.13 Phonon Resonances206

8.14 Quantum Wire208

8.15 The Sum-Rule209

Appendix：Scalar and Vector Potentials212

9 Other Scattering Mechanisms217

9.1 Charged-Impurity Scattering217

9.1.1 Introduction217

9.1.2 The Coulomb Scattering Rate220

9.1.3 Scattering by Single Charges221

9.1.4 Scattering by Fluctuations in a Donor Array223

9.1.5 An Example225

9.2 Interface-Roughness Scattering227

9.3 Alloy Scattering230

9.4 Electron-Electron Scattering231

9.4.1 Basic Formulae for the 2D Case231

9.4.2 Discussion234

9.4.3 Electron-Hole Scattering236

9.5 Phonon Scattering236

9.5.1 Phonon-Phonon Processes236

9.5.2 Charged-Impurity Scattering239

9.5.3 Alloy Fluctuations and Neutral Impurities240

9.5.4 Interface-Roughness Scattering241

10 Quantum Screening244

10.1 Introduction244

10.2 The Density Matrix245

10.3 The Dielectric Function248

10.4 The 3D Dielectric Function250

10.5 The Quasi-2D Dielectric Function252

10.6 The Quasi-1D Dielectric Function259

10.7 Lattice Screening265

10.8 Image Charges266

10.9 The Electron-Plasma/Coupled-Mode Interaction268

10.10 Discussion272

11 The Electron Distribution Function275

11.1 The Boltzmann Equation275

11.2 Net Scattering Rate by Bulk Polar-Optical Phonons276

11.3 Optical Excitation278

11.4 Transport281

11.4.1 The 3D Case284

11.4.2 The 2D Case286

11.4.3 The 1D Case288

11.4.4 Discussion289

11.5 Acoustic-Phonon Scattering290

11.5.1 The 3D Case291

11.5.2 The 2D Case293

11.5.3 The 1D Case294

11.5.4 Piezoelectric Scattering296

11.6 Discussion296

11.7 Acoustic-Phonon Scattering in a Degenerate Gas300

11.7.1 Introduction300

11.7.2 Energy-and Momentum-Relaxation Rates300

11.7.3 Low-Temperature Approximation304

11.7.4 The Electron Temperature306

11.7.5 The High-Temperature Approximation306

12 Spin Relaxation311

12.1 Introduction311

12.2 The Elliot-Yafet process313

12.3 The D’yakonov-Perel Process317

12.3.1 The DP Mechanism in a Quantum Well322

12.3.2 Quantum Wires324

12.4 The Rashba Mechanism326

12.5 The Bir-Aranov-Pikus Mechanism326

12.6 Hyperfine Coupling329

Appendix 1332

Appendix 2333

Appendix 3335

13 Electrons and Phonons in the Wurtzite Lattice336

13.1 The Wurtzite Lattice336

13.2 Energy Band Structure338

13.3 Eigenfunctions340

13.4 Optical Phonons343

13.5 Spontaneous Polarization346

Appendix 1 Symmetry347

14 Nitride Heterostructures349

14.1 Single Heterostructures349

14.2 Piezoelectric Polarization351

14.3 Polarization Model of Passivated HFET with Field Plate354

14.4 The Polarization Superlattice358

14.4.1 Strain358

14.4.2 Deformation Potentials359

14.4.3 Fields359

14.5 The A1N/GaN Superlattice360

14.6 The Quantum-Cascade Laser366

Appendix Airy Functions368

15 Terahertz Sources369

15.1 Introduction369

15.2 Bloch Oscillations370

15.3 Negative-Mass NDR373

15.3.1 The Esaki-Tsu Approach375

15.3.2 Lucky Drift376

15.3.3 The Hydrodynamic Model377

15.4 Ballistic Transport378

15.4.1 Optical-Phonon-Determined Transit-Time Oscillations379

15.4.2 Transit-Time Oscillations in a Short Diode379

15.4.3 Negative-Mass NDR380

15.4.4 Bloch Oscillations383

15.5 Femtosecond Generators387

15.5.1 Optical Non-Linear Rectification．387

15.5.2 Surge Current388

15.5.3 Dember Diffusion388

15.5.4 Coherent Phonons389

15.5.5 Photoconductive Switch389

15.6 CW Generators389

15.6.1 Photomixing389

15.6.2 Quantum-Cascade Lasers390

Appendix392

Appendix 1 The Polar-Optical Momentum-Relaxation Time in a 2D Degenerate Gas393

Appendix 2 Electron/Polar Optical Phonon Scattering Rates in a Spherical Cosine Band395

References397

Index406