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语调 IntonationPDF|Epub|txt|kindle电子书版本网盘下载
- （英）克鲁特顿著 著
- 出版社： 北京大学出版社
- ISBN：
- 出版时间：2002
- 标注页数：201页
- 文件大小：48MB
- 文件页数：218页
- 主题词：
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图书目录
1 PRELIMINARIES1
1.1 Prosodic features1
1.1.1 Length,loudness,and pitch2
1.1.1.1 Length2
1.1.1.2 Loudness2
1.1.1.3 Pitch3
1.1.1.4 Summary5
1.2 Auditory and instrumental5
1.3 Prominence6
1.4 Intonation7
1.5 Tone languages8
1.6 Pitch accent languages10
1.7 Summary12
Sources and further reading12
2 STRESS,ACCENT,AND RHYTHM13
2.1 Stress and accent13
2.2 Word-stress14
2.2.1 English word-stress15
2.3 Degrees of stress/accent17
2.4 Rhythm20
2.5 Prosodic hierarchies22
2.6 Summary25
Sources and further reading25
3 THE FORMS OF INTONATION26
3.1 The historical background to intonational studies26
3.2 Intonation-groups29
3.2.1 Pause30
3.2.2 Other boundary markers32
3.2.3 Internal structure as group marker35
3.2.4 Problems in group delimitation35
3.3 Contours and levels38
3.4 Pitch accents and nucleus40
3.5 Accent range,key,and register44
3.6 Whole tunes and nuclear tones47
3.7 English nuclear tones50
3.8 Pre-nuclear pitch accents54
3.9 Alternatives to nuclear tones55
3.9.1 Autosegmental approaches(1)56
3.9.2 Autosegmental approaches(2)59
3.10 Summary and preview66
Sources and further reading66
4 THE FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION68
4.1 Introduction68
4.2 Intonation-groups68
4.3 Nucleus placement73
4.3.1 Broad focus74
4.3.2 Narrow focus80
4.3.3 New andold information81
4.3.3.1 Contrastivity82
4.3.3.2 Echoes84
4.3.3.3 Insists85
4.3.4 'Normal stress'86
4.4 English nuclear tones87
4.4.1 Local meanings91
4.4.1.1 Falls91
4.4.1.2 Rises(dependent)93
4.4.1.3 Rises(independent)97
4.4.1.4 Tonal sequences103
4.4.2 Conditioning factors104
4.4.3 Abstract meanings106
4.4.3.1 A two-tone approach106
4.4.3.2 A three-tone approach108
4.4.3.3 A compositional approach110
4.4.4 Tonal features114
4.4.4.1 Accent range115
4.4.4.2 Complexity117
4.4.4.3 Stylisation119
4.4.4.4 Declination and downstep120
4.5 Key and register123
4.6 Summary125
Sources and further reading125
5 COMPARATIVE INTONATION128
5.1 Introduction128
5.2 Style,class,and sex128
5.3 Dialectal variation131
5.3.1 British English133
5.3.2 Variation in English dialects outside Britain136
5.4 Cross-linguistic comparisons138
5.4.1 Comparative intonation-groupings139
5.4.2 Comparative nucleus placement139
5.4.3 Comparative tone:alternative models144
5.4.4 Comparative tone:basic typology149
5.4.4.1 Declaratives151
5.4.4.2 Yes/no interrogatives155
5.4.4.3 Question word interrogatives159
5.4.4.4 Imperatives and exclamatives160
5.4.4.5 Pre-nuclear accents160
5.4.4.6 Stereotyped patterns and chants161
5.5 Intonational universals161
5.5.1 Declination162
5.5.2 Tonal universals163
5.6 Intonational change164
5.7 Intonation acquisition166
5.8 Summary169
Sources and further reading169
6 CONSPECTUS172
6.1 Prosodic,paralinguistic,and extralinguistic172
6.1.1 Prosodic features173
6.1.2 Paralinguistic effects174
6.2 Intonation and punctuation175
6.3 Intonation and gesture177
6.4 State-of-the-art178
Sources and further reading178
References180
Index197